Chapter 5

Question 1

Define a base.

Answer 1

chemical compound that produces a solution with a pH of more than 7 when dissolved in water.

Question 2

How do you name a 2 element acid with an “-ide” ending?

Answer 2

“-ide” ending changes to “-ic” ending and name begins with “hydro”.

ex. HCl = hydrochlorIC acid

Question 3

How do you name a 3 element acid with an “-ate” ending?

Answer 3

“-ate” becomes “-ic” and you drop the hydrogen.

ex. H2SO4 = sulfuric acid

Question 4

How do you name a 3 element acid with an “-ite” ending?

Answer 4

“-ite” become “-ous” and drop the hydrogen.

ex. HNO2 = nitrous acid

Question 5

Why cant hydrogen and hydroxide be high in concentration at the same time?

Answer 5

Because hydrogen and hydroxide react with each other and create water.

Question 6

what does aqueous (aq) mean?

Answer 6

dissolved in water to make a solution

Question 7

What is the difference between HCl and HCl(aq)?

Answer 7

HCl is named as hydrogen chloride.

HCl(aq) is named as hydrochloric acid.

Question 8

Why can acid/base solutions create electricity?

Answer 8

Because it contains freely moving ions.

Question 9

What are 6 properties of acids?

Answer 9

1) Tastes sour
2) Burns skin
3) Corrodes metals
4) Conducts electricity
5) pH less than 7
6) Produces hydrogen ions when dissolved in solution

Question 10

What are 6 properties of bases?

Answer 10

1) Tastes bitter
2) Burns skin & is slippery
3) Doesn’t react with metals
4) Conducts electricity
5) pH more than 7
6) Forms hydroxide ions when dissolved in solution

Question 11

Define an acid.

Answer 11

a chemical compound that produces a solution with a pH of less than 7 when dissolved in water.

Question 12

What is a salt made up of?

Answer 12

a metal and non-metal

Question 13

What is a metal oxide?

Answer 13

it is a chemical compound containing a metal and an oxygen

ex. Na2O

Question 14

What does a metal oxide and water create?

Answer 14

a base

Question 15

What is a non-metal oxide?

Answer 15

a chemical compund containing a non-metal and an oxygen.

ex. ClO

Question 16

What does a non-metal and rainwater create?

Answer 16

acid precipitation

Question 17

How are 3 ways acid precipitation negatively impacts the earth?

Answer 17

1) when acid precipitation goes into our fresh water, the pH rises and may cause harm to sea animals.
2) causes harm to crops grown in farms
3) chemically reacts with limestone in buildings and monuments which causes damage

Question 18

Why does francium react more vigorously with water/acids than lithium?

Answer 18

because it has many many valence shells so there is less gravitational pull towards the nucleus, meaning the electrons are ready to react

Question 19

What is usually released when metals react with acids?

Answer 19

they release hydrogen gas

Question 20

What are 2 components of acid precipitation?

Answer 20

Nitric and Sulphuric acid

Question 21

What does sulphuric acid reacting with calcium carbonate create?

Answer 21

sulphuric acid + calcium carbonate = calcium sulphate + water + carbon dioxide

Question 22

How can you identify an organic compound?

Answer 22

if the compound contains carbon

Question 23

What compounds contain carbon, but are not an organic compound?

Answer 23

carbonates (CaCO3) carbides (SiC)
cyanides (CN)
and oxides (CO2)

Question 24

What does nitric acid reacting with calcium carbonate create?

Answer 24

nitric acid + calcium carbonate = calcium nitrate + water + carbon dioxide

Question 25

How do you identify an inorganic compound?

Answer 25

if it doesn't contain carbon (with the few exceptions)

Question 26

How do you identify a hydrocarbon?

Answer 26

an organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen

Question 27

How do you identify an alcohol?

Answer 27

an organic compound that contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 28

What is a solvent?

Answer 28

a liquid that dissolves other substances

Question 29

What are the 6 types of chemical reactions? [SDSDNC]

Answer 29

1) synthesis 2) decomposition 3) single-replacement 4) double-replacement 5) neutralization 6) combustion

Question 30

What is a synthesis reaction?

Answer 30

when 2 elements combine to produce one compound

Question 31

what is a decomposition reaction?

Answer 31

when a compound breaks down into two elements

Question 32

what is a single replacement?

Answer 32

when an element and compound reacts to produce another element and compound

Question 33

what is double replacement?

Answer 33

when 2 ionic compounds react to produce 2 other ionic compounds

Question 34

in double replacement, what does one compound form?

Answer 34

a precipitate

Question 35

what is a neutralization reaction?

Answer 35

when an acid and base react to produce a salt and water

Question 36

what is a combustion reaction?

Answer 36

when a hydrocarbon and oxygen react to produce carbon dioxide and water

Question 37

Define "reaction rate".

Answer 37

how quick/slow reactants turn to products

Question 38

What are 4 main factors that affect the rate of chemical reactions?

Answer 38

1) Temperature 2) Surface Area 3) Concentration 4) Presence of a catalyst

Question 39

How does increasing temperature cause a faster rate?

Answer 39

heat causes the particles of the reactants to move more quickly resulting in more collisions and energy

Question 40

How does concentration increase the reaction rate?

Answer 40

when you increase the concentration of the reactants, it increases the rate. ex. blowing into a campfire

Question 41

How does surface area increase the reaction rate?

Answer 41

there is more SA between the reactants which increases the reaction rate

Question 42

What is a catalyst?

Answer 42

a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction without being used in the reaction.

Question 43

What enzyme does saliva contain? What does it do?

Answer 43

amylase, breaks down starch molecules