Chapter 4.1- Atomic Theory & Bonding Flashcards
What is the difference between an element and a compound?
Elements- pure substance that cannot be broken down
Compounds- molecules made up of 2 or more atoms
Name 3 ways to know if a chemical reaction has occurred.
1) bubbles form
2) color changes
3) consistency changes
Describe 3 things about a proton.
hint; m l c
mass- 1836 times bigger than an electron
location- nucleus
charge- positive
Describe 3 things about a neutron.
mass- 1827 times bigger than an electron
location- nucleus
charge- nothing
Describe 3 things about an electron.
mass- 1
location- surrounds the nucleus
charge- negative
What are rows called in a periodic table?
a “period”
What a columns called in a periodic table?
a “group” or “family”
What are multivalent metals?
metals that have more than one ion charge
What is the difference between an ion and an atom?
Ion- atom that has gained/lost electrons
Atom- has not gained/lost electrons
What is a Bohr Diagram?
shows the # of electrons in each shell
What is a valence shell/electron?
valence shell is the outermost shell in an element
valence electrons are electrons in the valence shell
What is the difference between a cation and an anion
cation loses electrons to be positively charged
anion gains electrons to be negatively charged
Name 2 ways to know if a compound is ionic.
1) made up of metals and non-metals
2) give/gain electrons
Name 2 ways to know if a compound is covalent.
1) made up of 2 non-metals
2) share electrons
What is a bonding/lone pair?
bonding- a pair of electrons involved in sharing of a covalent bond
lone- a pair of electrons in the valence shell that aren’t involved in a sharing.
Name all 7 of the diatomic molecules.
Br2, O2, N2, Cl2, I2, H2, F2
What is the law of conservation of mass?
the # of atoms in the reactants = the # of atoms in the products
What is a stable octet?
when the 2nd+ shell has a full shell
What is a lewis diagram?
a diagram showing only the outermost valence shell`
Name all 4 states of matter & their symbols.
solid (s), liquid (l), gas (g), & aqueous (aq)
What do protons, neutrons, and electrons all have in common?
they are all subatomic particles
What is the formula to finding the # of neutrons in an element?
atomic mass - protons = neutrons
What is a subscript?
the little number in a chemical formula
