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Introduction to Pharmacy (Meyonca) > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is defined as the direct, responsible provision of medication-related care for the purpose of achieving definite outcomes that improve a patient’s quality of life.

A

Pharmaceutical care

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2
Q

MTM

A

Medication Therapy Management

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3
Q

The first core component of MTM is?

A

Medication Therapy Review (MTR)

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4
Q

MTR or MTM?
The process of collecting patient information, identifying medication-related problems, and providing solutions to these problems

A

MTR- Medication Therapy Review

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5
Q

A pharmacist who wants to provide MTM services may need to perform any or all of the following (3)

A
  • Design a service workflow;
  • Identify and target the patients who would benefit from the services
  • Decide whether a medication is cost effective
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6
Q

MTM or MTR?

A distinct service or group of services that optimize therapeutic outcomes for individual patients

A

MTM

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7
Q

What are the 2 major barriers for service implementation?

A
  • Lack of consensus about a service’s values among relevant parties
  • Personal selling is one of many ways to apply business knowledge in pharmacy practice
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8
Q

AGI – aggregate demand index

A 
-to measure the national or regional demand for pharmacists
1= high surplus
2=
3=
4=
5= high demand
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9
Q

3 main reasons for shortage of Pharmacist

A
  • growth of the older population
  • increased number of pharmacists, especially women, who work part-time
  • prescription medications to providing other pharmacy services
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10
Q

What are the main approaches to address the pharmacists shortage? (2)

A
  • Expanding PharmD programs have been established
  • Enrolling more students into programs
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11
Q

What are the 3 main practice settings for pharmacy?

A
  • ambulatory care
  • hospital care
  • long term care
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12
Q

Independent, chain, mass merchandisers, supermarket, mail-order pharmacies are all examples of what?

A

Ambulatory care-community setting

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13
Q

Medication Therapy Management 5 core elements

A
  • MTR
  • personal medication record
  • medication related action plan
  • intervention and referral
  • documentation and follow up
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14
Q

What was implemented under prescription drug plans of the Medicare Part D benefit, and allows pharmacists to obtain reimbursements for services?

A

Medication Therapy Review

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15
Q

3 concepts of marketing concepts

A
  • market segmentation
  • personal selling
  • relationship marketing
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16
Q

Which marketing concept is used to select the target market – identify patients for a comprehensive or a targeted MTR?

A

market segmentation

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17
Q

Which marketing concept uses one-on-one promotional activity with customers that involves interpersonal communication skills such as effective questioning, active listening, and persuasion?

A

personal selling

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18
Q

Which marketing concept uses marketing activities to establish, develop, and maintain relationship with patients, physicians, or other stakeholders?

A

relationship marketing

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19
Q

What are the barriers to collaboration in relationship marketing? (4)

A
  • turf concerns
  • communication breakdowns
  • power issues
  • lack of trust
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20
Q

CWR

A

collaborative working relationship

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21
Q

Who does the collaborative working relationship pertain to?

A

Model that conceptualizes the process of pharmacist-physician collaboration

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22
Q

4 types of questions are usually asked in personal selling

A
  • situation – collect patient information
  • problem – find out potential issues with patients
  • implication – make patients understand the negative outcomes
  • need-payoff questions – orient patients toward the solutions for the problems
23
Q

How many progressive steps does personal selling have?

A

6

24
Q

First 3 steps of progressive steps of personal selling

A
  • Gathering patient information
  • Assessing information
  • Asking probing questions
25
Q

Last 3 steps progressive steps of personal selling

A
  • Presenting features and benefits
  • Addressing concerns
  • Offering the service
26
Q

3 different outcome types for MTR are?

A

clinical, humanistic and economic

27
Q

Which MTM outcome refers to improvement in patients’ adherence, medication knowledge, and health-related quality of life

A

humanistic

28
Q

Economic or humanistic-

-refers to the savings of health care costs and to cost-effectiveness of medication review

A

economic

29
Q

Humanistic or clinical

-outcomes of MTR are usually the identification and resolution of medication-related problems

A

clinical

30
Q

PCM- Iowa medical pharmaceutical case management

A

A State level program that engages both community pharmacists and physicians to review and manage medication therapy

31
Q

E-Prescribing (2)

A
  • CMS pushing for adoption

- is a prescribers ability to electronically send an accurate error free rx to a pharmacy

32
Q

What is the key to interdisciplinary and continuity of care?

A

Electronic medical/health records

33
Q

Health information technology (HIT) (2)

A
  • shown to increase adherence to guidelines and disease surveillance-> decreasing medication errors (i.e robotic devices)
  • necessary for interdisciplinary team work
34
Q

pay for performance (2)

A
  • quality based purchasing

- the use of payment methods and other incentives to encourage high quality and patient focused, high value care

35
Q

Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) (2)

A
  • introduced by Edward Deming a statistician

- improved quality will lead to decreased costs because of improved efficiency

36
Q

Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) typically follows FOCUS-PDCA cycle, what does this stand for?

A 
F: Find
O:Organize
C:Clarify
U:Understand
S:Select
P:Plan
D:Do
C:Check
A: Act to hold/improve the gain
37
Q

interdisciplinary care

A

-a dynamic process involving 2 or more health professionals with complementary backgrounds-> to evaluate patient care

38
Q

How is interdisciplinary care accomplished? (3)

A
  • interdependent collaboration
  • open communication
  • shared decision making
39
Q

The typical model is _____, but the ideal model is Interdisciplinary Team

A

Multidisciplinary team

40
Q

What are some of the obstacles of interdisciplinary care? (5)

A
  • boundaries
  • power
  • lack of trust
  • communication
  • proximity/ease of access
41
Q

Continuity of care

A

how one pt experiences care over a period of time

42
Q

What are the types of continuity of care? (3)

A
  • informational
  • management
  • relational
43
Q

informational continuity of care

A

links care using information from prior events

44
Q

management continuity of care

A

connects care from different providers

45
Q

relational continuity of care (3)

A
  • characterized by personal trust and responsibility
  • ongoing relationship between pt and provider
  • recognize the importance of knowledge of the patient as a person
46
Q

Medical Home

A

is a patient centered primary health care implemented to improve the pts health across a continuum of referrals and services

47
Q

What recognizes the physician as the primary healthcare provider coordinating team?

A

conceptualization

48
Q

Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs)

A

group of providers and suppliers of services that work together to coordinate care for the pts they serve under original Medicare (CMS)

49
Q

ACOs goal is to

A

deliver seamless, high quality care for Medicare beneficiaries, while improving quality and lowering cost

50
Q

What are the components of Healthcare Quality? (7)

A
  • effective
  • quality
  • safe
  • timely
  • patient centered
  • efficient
  • equitable
51
Q

Quality Measurement/Assessment at the Clinical Level

A

adherence to standards of care

52
Q

Quality Measurement/Assessment at the patient level

A

based on patients perception of quality of care

53
Q

Quality Measurement/Assessment at system level

A

based on patient outcomes such as mortality measures

54
Q

What are the 5 stages of physician-pharmacist collaboration?

A
  • Professional awareness
  • Professional recognition
  • Exploration and trial
  • Professional relationship expansion
  • Commitment

Introduction to Pharmacy (Meyonca) (11 decks)

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