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Introduction to Pharmacy (Meyonca) > Chapter 14-The drug use process > Flashcards

Chapter 14-The drug use process Flashcards

1
Q

Patient _________ is the key determinant

for proper drug use, or, conversely, inappropriate use

A

behavior related to taking medication

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2
Q

The drug process in the U.S. is influenced by what 3 things?

A
  • patient behaviors
  • patient compliance
  • other variables
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3
Q

How do medications provide an enormous help to many in the HCS?

A
  • lives are saved/enhanced

- life spans are lengthened

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4
Q

Where can OTC’s be purchased? (4)

A
  • pharmacies,
  • grocery and superstores
  • convenience stores
  • Internet outlets
  • other resources as well
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5
Q

Prescription medications can be purchased through what? (6)

A
  • traditional channels (community chain/independent pharmacies)
  • mail-service pharmacies
  • internet
  • physicians
  • healthcare institutions
  • elsewhere
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6
Q

T/F?
Patients can obtain prescription medications from any
number of pharmacies or physicians (either samples or dispensed prescriptions).

A

-true

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7
Q

What drives the increase in spending on drugs? (4)

A
  • increased available technologies
  • increasing numbers of patients
  • prescriptions per patient
  • increasing number of seniors taking advantage of Medicare Part D drug benefit
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8
Q

Problems occurring with the use of medications can include the following: (7)

A
  • medication errors
  • suboptimal drug, dose, regimen, dosage form, and duration of use
  • unnecessary drug therapy
  • therapeutic duplication
  • drug to drug, disease, food, and nutrient interactions
  • drug allergies
  • adverse drug effects
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9
Q

Who needs
to take ownership of these problems and improve patient outcomes resulting
from inappropriate drug use?

A

pharmacist and other health professionals

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10
Q

T/F?
For most appropriate self-care to occur, patients need to be able to interpret their
symptoms AND understand what these symptoms actually mean.

A

true

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11
Q

A patient relying on a physician to obtain a diagnosis but NOT treatment is an example of what?

A

Self-care/self-help

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12
Q

What type of conditions can be and are treated by

individual patients with advice from pharmacists in many practice settings?

A

-self-limiting

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13
Q

T/F?

Self-care is NOT convenient, and does NOT save money for patients.

A
  • false

- Self-care can be a convenient, time-saving option for patients.

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14
Q

What may be a cause of or contributor to patient noncompliance
with recommendations, whether for prescribed medications or other recommended
and/or prescribed therapeutic regimens?

A

-self-care

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15
Q

T/F?
SELF-CARE is a decision made by a patient to
consume a drug with or without the approval or direction of a health professional.

A
  • false

- SELF-MEDICATION

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16
Q

What fuels the increase in self-medication?

A
  • increasing ways to purchase OTC’s
  • prescription items becoming OTC items
  • patients becoming comfortable with self-diagnosis and self-selection of OTC remedies
17
Q

T/F?

Self-medication can be beneficial in helping patients avoid more costly therapies or expenditures.

A

true

18
Q

What allows the patient to have a degree of autonomy in health care decisions?

A

Self-medication for certain conditions, if handled appropriately

19
Q

When do manufactures leverage OTC’s

A

when prescription-only products are more suitably made available
for patient self-use and when patent protection is lost on products.

20
Q

Who must approve RX to OTC switches?

A

FDA

21
Q

What is one of the most understated

problems in the health care system as it pertains to patients?

A

Patient noncompliance with prescription regimens

22
Q

T/F?

Interventions that are organizational, educational, and behavioral are necessary to combat SELF-CARE?

A
  • false

- PATIENT NON-COMPLIANCE

23
Q

What are the 4 types of compliance?

A
  • initial noncompliance
  • partial compliance
  • total compliance
  • hypercompliance
24
Q

When a patient gets a RX from the MD but does not “FILL” it, this is considered what?

A

-initial noncompliance

25
Q

T/F?
TOTAL compliance is when the patient takes some of the prescribed medication,
but not to the extent that the physician or prescriber has intended.

A
  • false

- PARTIAL COMPLIANCE

26
Q

When a patient takes a medication that has been prescribed exactly as the MD has intended is called what?

A

total compliance

27
Q

T/F?
HYPOcompliance is when the patient takes a prescribed and dispensed medication at a level exceeding the dosage prescribed by the MD.

A
  • false

- HYPERCOMPLIANCE

28
Q

Who does noncompliance affect? (5)

A
  • pharmaceutical and generic manufactures
  • prescribers
  • dispensers
  • patients
  • society as a whole
29
Q

How can compliant behavior be enhanced?

A

through pharmacist interactions with patients

30
Q

T/F?
Reducing the complexity of regimens through simplifying how many
different dosing intervals or amounts are to be consumed has benefited
patients with regards to compliance

A

true

31
Q

T/F?
Helping patients monitor their own compliance behavior has NOT been
shown to be successful

A
  • false

- HAS BEEN

32
Q

Problems with drug use in the elderly? (3)

A
  • unnecessary drug therapy
  • over-medication
  • lack of health literacy
33
Q

What can help reduce medication errors?

A

-reconciling the medications that patients take with coordination by various caregivers providing care

34
Q

The incorporation of what 3 key interventions have helped to reduce medication error in an institutional setting.

A
  • computerized physician order entry
  • additional staffing
  • bar coding
35
Q

Why are US patients at a particularly high risk of forgoing care?

A

because
of costs and because of experiencing inefficient, poorly organized care, or
errors

36
Q

What are the 4 most commonly abused medications?

A
  1. pain relievers
  2. tranquilizers
  3. stimulants
  4. sedatives
37
Q

T/F?

The abuse of RX medications by ADULTS is a growing problem that all health professionals must work together to address.

A
  • false

- ADOLESCENTS

38
Q

T/F?
Preventive health care made possible by the PPACA includes immunizations,
screenings, and other offerings at no charge.

A

true

Introduction to Pharmacy (Meyonca) (11 decks)

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