Chapter 4 Flashcards
The U.S. health care industry is the ______ largest in the world following defense and agriculture.
3rd
Characteristic activities of Profession (3)
- Exercise self-regulation and policing
- Exercise judgment in the routine conduct of one’s work –Become the exclusive keeper of a body of knowledge
Practitioners that are permitted by the jurisdiction to prescribe a controlled substance (4)
Physicians, Dentist, Veterinarian, Podiatrist
Expanded role of pharmacists (7)
- DUR
- Vaccines – 6 month training course
- Patient counseling
- Drug-level laboratory test monitoring and consultation
- Prescription of emergency contraception
- Equivalent drug selection
- Direct drug prescribing
What are the two different types of accreditation?
Institutional and Specialized/Program
T/F? Institutional accreditation refers to the total institution has met the standards established by the accrediting agency.
true
T/F? Specialized/Program refers to parts of an educational institution have met criteria, relating usually to a single profession?
true
Registration or Certification? is process by which a non-government agency or association grants recognition to an individual who has met certain predetermined qualifications specified by the agency or association
Certification
T/F? Certification is the process by which qualified individuals are listed on an official roster maintained by a government or non-government agency
false
-Registration
Licensure or Registration?
The process by which an agency of the government (1) grants permission to people meeting predetermined qualifications to engage in a given occupation and/or use a particular title or (2) grants permission to institutions to perform specified functions
Licensure
What 6 specialty areas does the BPS- Board of Pharmaceutical Specialties recognize?
Ambulatory care (2011) Nuclear pharmacy (1988) Nutrition support pharmacy (1988) Oncology pharmacy (1996) Pharmacotherapy (1988) Psychiatric pharmacy (1992)
Today’s pharmacist must have the following: (4)
- BPharm, BSPharm, or PharmD
- internship hours
- taken NAPLEX, MPJE or CPJE (depending upon state)
- maintain license with CE’s
Pharmacist today are more likely to do what? (4)
- go into residency
- go into managed care
- have a post graduate degree
- like clinical practice
T/F? >50% of Pharmacist are female and work FULL-time
- false
- >50% are women that work PART-time
Residencies (4)
- training program that allows trainee to further develop clinical skills (experienced practioner supervisor)
- Exist to train RPh in professional practice and management skills
- PGY-1 (general wide variety)
- PGY-2 (specialized)
Fellowships
- A directed, highly individualized, postgraduate program designed to prepare the participant to become an independent researcher
Fellowships are usually offered here? (3)
- colleges of pharmacy,
- academic health centers
- specialized health care institutions, PhRMA, FDA, CDC
Future Pharmacist (4)
- Will become more clinically oriented
- Primary care givers/healthcare providers
- Increased authority to prescribe
- Increased role in chronic disease management
What are the 2 types of physicians?
- MDs -Allopathic medicine
- DO- Hands on diagnosis-holistic approach-health promotion
Training for MD’s (6)
- Didactic training first 2 years
- Clerkship in years 3 and 4 of the post baccalaureate
- Licensure (USMLE-3 stage or COMLE)
- Requires at least one-year
- internship post graduation
- 3-5 years residency training
What health care profession requires 1 year of study?
Licensed Practical Nurse
What health care profession requires 2 years of graduate training?
Advanced Practice Registered Nurse
Which type nurse profession allows for a diploma, A.S, B.S., Masters and Doctorate?
Registered nurse
Advanced Practice Registered Nurse or Nurse Practitioner (APRN or NP)- (4)
- Work under a physician
- Established practice agreement w/ MD
- Supervision requirements and RX authority varies by state but usually can write some prescriptions
- In GA, can write RX’s with the exception of CIIs
Who may examine patients, diagnose injuries and illnesses and provide treatment under physician supervision?
APRN or NP
McDonough and Douchette CWR Model
a conceptual model for the development of pharmacist-physician Collaborative Working Relationship
McDonough and Douchette CWR Model stages (5)
Stage 0- Professional Awareness
Stage 1- Professional Recognition
Stage 2-Exploration and Trial
Stage 3-Professional Relationship Expansion
Stage 4-Commitment to a collaborative working relationship
Short interaction e.g. Refills
Stage 0-Professional Awareness
Pharmacist is the initiator-sells what he/she can do for the collaborative relationship
Stage 1-Professional Recognition
Pharmacist still the initiator but physician tries the relationship
Stage 2-Exploration and Trial
Give and take exchanges but unbalanced-some level of commitment
Stage 3-Professional Relationship Expansion
High level of input from each party-equity of effort
Stage 4-Commitment to a collaborative working relationship
What 3 domains can exchanges be grouped in?
- relationship initiation
- trustworthiness
- role specifications
In which domain is the pharmacist is the primary initiator. Face-to-face is preferred
relationship initiation
In which domain is trust built by provision of high-quality clinical recommendations that improved patient outcomes
trustworthiness
In which domain are physicians expect to be the decision makers?
role specifications
