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Secondary 3 history > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What was a result of industrialization and give an example.

A

Modernization. First factories appeared

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2
Q

What did steam engines help with?

A

Producing goods on a large scale

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3
Q

Why were transportation costs lowered and what is the Grand Trunk?

A
  • Compete with American businesses

- Network of railroads

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4
Q

What did Britain sign with the U.S in 1854?

A

Treaty of Reciprocity

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5
Q

What did the Treaty of Reciprocity help with?

A
  1. Gave Americans access to fisheries in Atlantic Ocean and St. Lawrence
  2. Canada received access to Lake Michigan
  3. Timber industry stimulated by a huge American demand for lumber
  4. Quebec diversified its agricultural production
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6
Q

What happened when the U.S. didn’t renew the treaty, and what was the solution?

A

Canada would lose its main export market, so a union with the maritime colonies was the only solution

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7
Q

What linked the Province of Canada with Canada with New Brunswick and Nova Scotia and was the solution to Canada losing its main export market?

A

Intercolonial railway

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8
Q

The American Civil War broke out, and the North threatened to invade Canada. Britain couldn’t defend its colony.

  1. Why were Canada’s leaders worried?
  2. What did they do?
A
  1. Worried the Americans would end up claiming the territories in the West before they could
  2. Unite British colonies to finance an army and fund the expansion westward
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9
Q
  1. What did George Brown want?
  2. What did John A. Macdonald want?
  3. What did George-Etienne Cartier want?
A
  1. Rep. by pop.
  2. Federal government to have more power
  3. Provincial government to have power to protect the French language + culture
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10
Q

Why did the meet in and Quebec City?

A

Discuss union project

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11
Q

What happened at the end of these conferences?

A

72 resolutions were created

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12
Q

What did these resolutions state and what were the authors of this constitution known as?

A
  1. Rep. by pop.
  2. Federal union
  3. Central government
  4. Construction of Intercolonial railway
    - Fathers of confederation
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13
Q

What gave birth to Canada and when?

A

British North America Act on July 1, 1867

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14
Q

After the BNA act, what was Canada renamed and what did it consist of?

A

Dominion of Canada=Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia

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15
Q

Provincial powers?

A

Civil law, hospitals, asylums, prisons, education, municipal institutions, public land, natural resources, and direct taxation

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16
Q

Federal powers?

A

Criminal law, trade, fisheries, transportation, money banking, loans, bankruptcy, defense, mail and telegraph service, indirect taxation, and natives their territories

17
Q
  1. What did manufacturers begin to replace their workshops with?
  2. What did machinery enable?
A
  1. Factories

2. Divide up the work into simple tasks, created low-paying jobs for unskilled workers

18
Q

What did mechanization lead to?

A

Increased productivity -> increased profits

19
Q

What is capitalism?

A

An economic system of private ownership

20
Q

What did industrialization trigger and what was the consequence?

A

Urbanization led to country people moving to the city searching for factory jobs, and the working class neighborhood suffered from overpopulation

21
Q

Name some conditions of a factory workplace.

A 
6 day weeks of 60-70 hours
High expectations for productivity
No security
Unlit and unheated facilities
Bosses often beat workers
22
Q

Why were unions created and what did they demand?

A

They were pushed to their limits by terrible working conditions and they demanded a reduction of hours worked, a shorter week, a limit to child labor, and higher salaries

23
Q

Hoping to occupy the territories of the West before the Americans, Canada bought ____ from ___, without consulting the ___ who lived there.

A

Rupert’s land, Hudson Bay Company, Natives

24
Q

Why did the Metis rebel?

A

The federal government was giving away plots of their land to settlers from the East

25
Q

What did Louis Riel establish and what happened?

A

Provisional government, exhiled to the U.S.

26
Q

What did the government want to do with the Native land?

A

Build a railway across it

27
Q

What happened when Louis Riel came back in 1885?

A

Organized another rebellion (lost) and was hanged for high treason

28
Q

The Natives lost their main source of food (buffalo) so they were starving. The government offered to trade _______ in exchange for their land.

A

Money, food, reserves

29
Q
  1. Manitoba was created from what territory?
  2. Why did BC join Canada?
  3. Why did P.E.I. join Canada?
A
  1. Metis territory
  2. Promised to build a railway to BC
  3. Promised to provide ferry service and build a railroad
30
Q

What did Elected Premier Honore Mercier want and why?

A

Autonomy for the provinces because Prime Minister Macdonald used his veto power often

31
Q

Macdonald’s National Policy in 1878

1. Why did he raise trade tariffs?

A

Protect Canadian industries from foreign competition and increase the government’s available capital to build the railway

32
Q

Macdonald’s National Policy in 1878

2. Why did they extend the railway to the West?

A

Stimulate industrialization and open West for immigration

33
Q

Macdonald’s National Policy in 1878

3. Why did he want to increase immigration?

A

Populate the West, increase consumer consumption and stimulate industrialization

34
Q

What was the second phase of industrialization characterized by?

A

Increased development of natural resources

35
Q

What did plenty of immigration to Mtl cause?

A

Mtl becomes multiethnic city

36
Q
  1. What was the newest machine?

2. Mass transit = invention of what?

A
  1. Automobile

2. Electric tram

37
Q

What was supplied throughout the city?

A

Electricity and public water and sewage sytems

38
Q
  1. What were being built higher and higher?

2. What else appeared?

A
  1. buildings

2. Movie theaters, radio service, and stores

Secondary 3 history (6 decks)

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