Chapter 5 Flashcards
Which people emphasized duty, strength, and discipline?
Sparta
Sparta’s declaration of war against Athens began which war?
Peloponnesian
Why was Alexandria, Egypt, important during the Hellenistic period?
it became the foremost center of commerce and Hellenistic culture
Who fought in the Peloponnesian War?
Athens and Sparta
Which of the following did Athens and Sparta have in common?
they were both city-states
What caused the decline of Athens’ golden age and end of democracy?
military defeat
Who was driven from Greece shortly before the Golden Age of Athens began?
The Persians
What separated the different regions within Greece?
mountains
What was an important feature of Athenian democracy under Pericles?
increased number of paid officials; made Athens most direct democracy yet??
Why was sea travel and trade important i Greece?
because Greece lacked natural resources
What influenced the small, independent governments of Greece?
the mountains that divided the land into different regions
What was on effect of the land being stoney and uneven?
there was very little land suitable for farming so they were not able to create a food surplus to support a large population
What did Solon outlaw?
debt slavery
who organized all Athenian citizens into 4 social classes according to wealth
Solon
Only members of what classes could hold political office?
the top 3 classes
Only members of what classes could participate in Athenian Assembly?
all citizens (every class)
What legal concept did Solon introduce?
any citizen could bring charges against wrongdoers
What was the basis of Spartan government?
military
A time of artistic & intellectual growth
the Golden Age
What added to the Golden Age?
the victory over the Persians
Who led Athens during the Golden Age?
Pericles
The Golden Age leg to war with who?
Sparta
Pericles’s 3 goals?
- strengthen Athenian democracy
- hold and strengthen the empire
- glorify Athens
How did Pericles strengthen democracy?
increased number of paid officials
made Athens most direct democracy yet
How did Pericles strengthen the empire?
organized the Delian League
How did Pericles glorify Athens?
used Delian League funds for building projects
Who fought the Peloponnesian War?
Athens vs. Sparta
Who, in the Peloponnesian War had a stronger navy?
Athens
Who, in the Peloponnesian War had a stronger army?
Sparta
What happened after both sides signed a truce?
peace did not last long; war began again; Athenians and their allies surrendered
Who won the the Peloponnesian War?
Sparta; Athenians and their allies surrendered
What happened to Athens at the end of the Peloponnesian War?
Athenians and their allies surrendered; Athens lost their empire, power and wealth
Who founded Alexandria?
Alexander the Great
What made this city important?
it was a thriving center of trade and commerce
True or False, Alexandria was an international community with a large diverse population?
true
What are two famous attractions in Alexandria?
the famous museum and library
