Chap. 13 Flashcards
Who were the lowest ranking members of the clergy?
the priests
The treaty of Verdun resulted in…
the end of the Carolingian rule in Europe
In 1100, the Holy Roman Empire covered most of?
present-day Germany
What is the bargin between a lord and a vassal?
the lord grants the vassal land in exchange for military service
What is the name of the piece of land given to the vassals?
fief
What are troubadours?
poet-musicians
Who are the three masters Knights defend?
his feudal lord, heavenly Lord, and his chosen lady
What were the forces holding the feudal society together?
a set of mutual social obligations and the teachings of the church
What two weapons did the Pope use against kings?
excommunication and interdict
Why was interdict an effective weapon of the Pope against the king?
it cost the king the loyalty of his people and …
How were feudalism and manor system related?
both created divisions among people, but shared beliefs in the teaching of the Church bonded people together
a power struggle between the Church and the Holy Roman Emperor
Concordat of Worms
what did Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII fight over?
secular appointment of bishops
the decline in learning is because the Germanic invaders could not…
read or write
Clovis was the leader of who and what did he being to the region?
the Franks and Christianity
What were monasteries?
religious communities built by the Church
What part of Europe’s kingdoms did the Franks control?
Gaul
Charles Martel defeated Muslim raiders from Spain at?
The Battle of Tours
Charlemagne
…
Who crowned Charlemagne “Roman Emperor”?
Pope Leo III
Who invaded the Carolingian Empire? (3)
the Muslims, Magyar, and the Vikings
The Viking reign of terror ended around the time…
Leif Ericson reached North America
What caused feudalism?
constant invasions; kings could not defend their lands; people wanted security; turned to local rulers
a system based on rights and obligations?
feudalism
… granted a … to a …
lord, fief, vassal
The Feudal Pyramid
on top: the king
next: the most powerful vassals (nobles & bishops)
next: Knights
bottom: peasants
serfs
people who could not lawfully leave the place where they were born
manor
the lord’s estate
manor systems
basic economic arrangement; rights and obligations between a lord and his serfs; self-sufficient
peasants had to pay taxes for…
all the grain ground at the lord’s mill, marriage, etc.
tithe
a church tax
power based on status
Church
700s European military
stirrups, saddle, warhorses
code of chivalry
set of expectations or rules for knights
Under the Code of Chivalry, knights were rarely punished for…
brutality to the weak
tournaments
used for recreation and training; fierce bloody competitions
The Structure of the Church
top: Pope
next: the clergy (bishops and priests)
bottom: priests
important religious ceremonies
sacraments (achieving salvation)
Church law in matters such as marraige and religious practices
canon law
Holy Roman Empire
German-Italian empire created by Otto I
in lay investiture who appointed church officials?
kings and nobles
in controlling lay investiture, they had the power to…
name the bishops (very influential clergy)
the terms of the Concordat of Worms
Church alone could appoint a bishop, but emperor could veto the appointment
Who was nicknames “Barbarossa” for his red beard
Fredrick I
two reasons the feudal states of Germany did not unify
further clashes with the Pope and the system of German princes electing the king weakened royal authority
