Chapter 14 Flashcards
What was the chief goal of the crusades?
…
What was the effect of the 3-field system?
food production increased-vilagers had more to eat-healtheir population-population grew
What did the Magna Carta guarantee?
certain basic political rights (no taxation without representation, a jury trial, & the protection of the law)
What was the major cause of the Great Schism?
there were two popes and bother declared each other false - excommunication
The english king who led the Third Crusade?
Richard, king of England
The pope who issued the call for the First Crusade?
Pope Urban II
Organized effort to drive the Muslims out of Spain?
Reconquista
The crusade that resulted in the looting of Constantinople by Western Christians
The Fourth Crusade
The style of architecture intended to achieve greater light and height
Gothic Architecture
The crusade that failed in its goal of recapturing the crusader state of Edessa from the Terks
Second Crusade
The crusade that resulted in the capture of Jerusalem by the Christians and the creation of four Crusader states
First Crusade
The crusade that resulted in the signing of a truce and an agreement to allow Christian pilgrims to visit Jerusalem
Third Crusade
What is the three field system?
2 of the fields were planted, while the other rested for a year
What is vernacular?
the everyday language of their homeland
Goals of Crusades
- Muslims controlled Holy Land - threatened Constantinople
- pope wanted to reclaim Palestine & reunite the Christian church by adding Byzantine territory to the Roman Church
- provided an alternative enemy for quarrel-some knights to fight (fight the infidels rather than each other)
- some went to Holy Land for land (younger sons looking for land and position in society)
- religious reasons
- merchants made enormous sums of money in shipping supplies & forces between Europe and the Holy Land
- those who died on Crusade were guaranteed salvation & forgiveness of all sins
Effects of the Crusades
- authority of the Church increased
- women allowed to run the affairs of their husbands while he was on Crusade (some independence)
- merchants expanded trade
- failure of later Crusades - lessened power of the pope
- noble class weakened – power of kings increased
- Byzantine Empire weakened by fall of Constantinople
- behavior of Crusades left legacy of mistrust & dislike in Muslim world
- Jews in Europe - time of increased persecution
what document is the most celebrated document in the English history and guaranteed certain basic political rights?
the Magna Carta`
How did the Great Schism end?
the council chose a new pope (Martin V)
What were the effects of the Great Schism?
- left the papacy greatly weakened
- caused the Age of Faith to eventually die
