Chapter 4 Flashcards
Which Chinese philosophy stressed that social order, harmony, & good government could be restored by organizing society around 5 basic relationships?
Confucianism
To restore social order, harmony, & good government, Confucius believed it was necessary for society to be organized around what general category?
Relationships
Which of the following is as famous for his extraordinary skills as a government administrator as for his military conquests?
Darius
Among the conquerors of the ancient world, what was Cyrus famous for?
Tolerance of diversity
What do Daoism & the concept of yin & yang focus on?
Natural order
What is the name for the kind of government that Shi Huangdi formed, in which the ruler has unlimited power & used it in an arbitrary manner?
Autocracy
Which belief of the prophet Zoroaster was similar to later concepts in Christianity & Islam?
Concept of Satan & a belief in angels
How did Shi Huangdi unify China?
By defeating invaders & crushing internal opposition
What was Cyrus like as a ruler?
He was famous for his tolerance of diversity
Which of the following was a philosopher known for his emphasis on responsible relationships & respect for parents?
Confucius
What was the underlying objectives that gave rise to the Chinese philosophies of Confucius, Laozi, & the Legalists?
How to restore social order, harmony, & respect for authority
What were Cyrus’s methods towards governing?
he was kind towards conquered people, wises and tolerant and honored local customs and religions
What was one of the causes for Zoroastrian religion?
the resent war, conquest, and famine in the Fertile Cresent
who was Ahura Mazda in the Zoroastrian religion
he was the one god they believed in
What did the Zoroastrian religion teach?
earth is a battle ground where a great struggle is fought between the spirit of good and the spirit of evil. everyone is expected to pick a side and take part in the struggle. in the end, Ahura Mazda will judge everyone according to how well they fought for the battle of good
Who was China’s most influential scholar?
Confucius
What did Confucius believe?
that social order, harmony, and good government could be restored in China if society were organized around 5 different relationships
What is filial piety?
the practice of children respecting their parents and ancestors
Who created a bureaucracy?
Confucius
Was Confucianism a religion?
no
What did Confucianism become?
the foundation of Chinese government and social order
What was the philosophy of Laozi?
Daoism
What was the main idea of Daoism?
only nature was important. natural order involves relations among all living things
What is the name of the universal force that guides all things?
the Dao
What did Daoism lead to?
the pursue of scientific studies; contributions to the sciences of alchemy, astronomy, and medicine
Was Shi Huangdi a Confucianist or Legalist?
legalist
What was Shi Huangdi determined to do?
unify China
Who forced noble families to live in the capital city so he could watch them
Shi Huangdi
What did Shi Huangdi establish?
autocracy
Under Shi Huangdi’s rule, trade blossomed due to…
new rode system
What did Shi Huangdi construct?
The Great Wall of China
What happened after Shi Huangdi died?
his son took over but people rebelled and the Qin Dynasty fell to the Han Dynasty
