Chapter 5 Flashcards
Problems with the Articles
- Congress cannot collect taxes
- Articles only a league of friendship
Articles of Confederation
A set of laws that established a limited national government with only a legislative branch
Constitution
A plan of government that describes the different parts of the government and their duties to the law
Democracy
A government by the people
Republic
A government run by the people through their elected representatives
In 1786, nationalists held a conference in ____,____, to discuss economic problems. The conference accomplished little because only ___ of the ___ agreed to call another convention in _______ in 1787
Annapolis, Maryland
12, 13
Philadelphia
In order to help pay off ifs ___ ___, Massachusetts passed the ____ ____ ____ ever.
Large debts
heaviest direct tax
Specie
gold or silver coin
Shays rebellion
a group of farmers led by Daniel Shays rebelled against these taxes in a crisis.
Shays rebellion demonstrated to many strong Americans that a ____ _____ _____ was needed to avoid civil unrest.
Stronger national government
Constitutional Convention
Delegates from 12 of the 13 colonies met in Philadelphia to try to fix the problems of the US government
United States Constitution
Document that has governed the US for over 200 years
James Madison
One influential delegate of the Constitutional Convention. He took detailed notes and was known as the father of constitution
Veto
Prohibit from becoming law any act of a state legislature and use force against a state should that state defy national authority
The Virginia Plan
- Proposed a bicameral, or two-house, national legislature
- Each state would send representatives in proportion to the number of its citizens or population
The New Jersey Plan
- Proposed a unicameral, or one-house national legislature, and the creation of executive and judicial branches
- Each state would send the same number of representatives to the legislature
The Great Compromise
Delegates agreed to create a legislative branch made up of two houses. One house was the senate who would have the same number of representatives from each state. The second house, the House of Representatives, representation would be based on state population.
The Three-Fifths Compromise
Enslaves people were another complication on whether or not to include them in state population. So three fifths of the states slave population would be counted as ‘all other persons’ when determining representation
Separation of powers
Created to prevent any one of the three branches of government from acquiring too much power
Ratify
To Approve
Faction
A group that is concerned only with its own interests
For the constitution to become law _ of the _ states had to ratify it
9 13
Those who favored the constitution and wanted a strong national government were called ____
Federalists
what were the federalists papers?
A series of 85 essays, or papers, called the federalist
those who opposed the constitution were called ____
Anti-Federalists
_____ believed that the federalists plan threatened state governments and the rights of individuals
Anti-Federalists
the anti-federalist included older revolutionary figures such as Patrick Henry and some former nationalist who wanted a ____ government but were unhappy with the ____
national
constitution
what impact did the anti-Federalist geographical location have on their opinion about the Constitution
they were smaller states and needed less government
according to the anti-Federalist a president would ______ a figure who’s control American patriots had fought to escape. anti-Federalist also objected to the proposed federal ____
be nothing but a king
court system
The Federalist drew on the widespread feeling that the ____ of _____ had serious flaws
Articles
Confederation
The Federalist were a _____ well organized national group, while the anti-Federalist tended to consist of ___ politicians who do not coordinate their activities on a ___ level
united
local
national
The Federalist had an actual ______ and plan which they could defend. The anti-Federalist had no constructive plan on their own to offer
Constitution
The Federalist had the support of ___ ____ a respected Revolutionary war hero
George Washington
Delaware, New Jersey, and Connecticut quickly ratified the Constitution. In June 1788, _____ became the ninth and final state needed to ratify the constitution
New Hampshire
many Americans believed that the national Constitution, like most state constitutions, should include a clear declaration of the ___ of the people
Rights
in September 1789, Congress proposed ____ constitutional amendments, largely drafted by ____ _____ and designed to protect citizens rights
12
James Madison
_____ of these amendments were ratified by the states. These 10 amendments became known as the ______
10
bill of rights
The Federalist claimed that under the Constitution, the ____ and the ____ were the same. Therefore the people need to know additional statements to protect their rights.
people
government
inauguration
official swearing in ceremony for the president
cabinet
A group of federal leaders who both advise the president and the head national agencies
____ ____ was named secretary of state and ____ ____ became secretary of the treasury
Thomas Jefferson
Alexander Hamilton
domestic affairs
countries internal affairs
in addition to being a politician Jefferson was a ____, ____, and ____
planet
writer
inventor
___ ___was a chosen to head the government largest department the department of ____
Alexander Hamilton
treasury
Amend
Revise
Checks and Balances
This system gives each branch of government the power to check, or stop, the branches in other ways
Electoral College
Groups of electors
In 1790, Congress approved ____ plan to allow the ____ government to take responsibility for debts acquired by individual states
hamilton
federal
by assuming state debts the ___ government indirectly increased ___. Since creditors now had an interest in the US, not just individual states, they would help ensure the new ____ to not ____.
federal
strength
nation
collapse
Terriff
tax on imported goods
interest
extra sum of money that borrowers pay creditors in return for loans
loose construction
Government could take any action that the Constitution did not forbid
strict construction
Government should not take any actions other than those specifically called for in the Constitution
administration
term of office
precedents
an act or statement that becomes an example, rule, or tradition to be followed
The residents act of 1790 specified a 10 mi.² stretch of land on the border between ____ and ____ for the new capital this area to be called the ___ _ _____ would be governed by _____ ____ not by either state
maryland
Virginia
District of Columbia
Federal authorities
Benjamin Bennecker
african-American mathematician
pierre- charles l’enfant
developed the city plan
Who had the power of the articles of confederation
legislative branch
what were the legislative branch weaknesses and strengths with the articles of Confederation
Congress cannot collect taxes and the articles of Confederation were only a league of friendship
describe the relationship of the states according to the articles of Confederation
all the states had all the power
Who are the Nationalists and what type of government do they prefer
they were the Federalists and they wanted a strong national government
what rolled to the Annapolis convention play? why was it a failure?
it was to discuss economic problems but only 12 delegates agreed to have another in Philadelphia
Who was the father of the Constitution
James Madison
why did anti-Federalist feel a bill of rights was necessary to the constitution? Why did Federalist think it wasn’t necessary?
federalists believed people and the government were the same so the people need no additional government.
anti-Federalist believed that it threatened state government and the rights of individuals
what was the bill of rights
The first 10 amendments
what rolls/jobs did Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton play?
they were both part of Washington’s cabinet. Thomas Jefferson was named secretary of the state and Alexander Hamilton became secretary of the treasury.
what details were involved in planning for the capital city and who planned it?
The residents act of 1790 specified a 10 mi.² stretch of land on the border between Maryland and Virginia for the new capital. This area, to be called, the district of Columbia. It would be governed by federal authorities, not by either state. Benjamin Banneker was an African-American mathematician and Pierre-Charles L’Enfant developed the city plan.
The executive branch of government
– Headed by Pres
- executes or put into action the laws passed by government enter
- Congress carried out duties
The legislative branch of government
- responsible for making laws
- carried out by Congress
- some legislative progress was carried under by the articles
The judicial branch of government
- made up of courts and judges
- interpret and apply the laws in cases brought before them
