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Science > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

0
Q

Life cycle of a higher mass star

A

Main sequence
Super giant
Supernova
Neutron star or black hole

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1
Q

Life cycle of a lower mass star

A

Main sequence
Giant star
White dwarf
Black dwarf

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2
Q

Fusion

A

A process in which particles of an element collide and combine to form a heavier element, such as the fusion of hydrogen and helium that occurs in the Sun’s core

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3
Q

Convection

A

A transfer of energy from place to place by the motion of heated gas or liquid; in Earth’s mantle, convection is thought to transfer energy by the motion of solid rock, which when under great heat and pressure can move like a liquid

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4
Q

Corona

A

The layer of the suns atmosphere that looks like a halo during an eclipse

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5
Q

Sunspot

A

Areas of gas on the suns furnace that are cooler than the gases around them and appear dark

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6
Q

Solar wind

A

A stream of charged particles produced by the corona

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7
Q

Light year

A

The distance light travels in one year, which is 9.5 trillion kilometers.

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8
Q

Parallax

A

The apparent shift in the position of an object when viewed from different locations.

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9
Q

Nebula

A

A cloud of gas and dust in space. Stars form in nebulae.

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10
Q

Main sequence

A

The stage in which stars produce energy through the fusion of hydrogen into helium.

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11
Q

Black hole

A

The final stage of an extremely massive star, which is invisible because it’s gravity prevents any form of radiation from escaping.

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12
Q

Neutron star

A

A dense core that may be left behind after a higher mass star explodes in a supernova.

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13
Q

How does the Sun produce energy?

A

Hydrogen to helium fusion

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14
Q

Layers of the Sun from outermost to innermost

A 
Corona
Chromosphere
Photosphere
Convection zone
Radiative zone
Core
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15
Q

What layer do sunspots appear on?

A

Photosphere

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16
Q

What does the temperature of a star determine?

A

Color

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17
Q

Colors of stars from hottest to coolest

A 
Blue white
White
Yellow white
Yellow
Orange
Red
18
Q

What part of the Sun can only be seen during an eclipse?

A

Corona

19
Q

What does a parallax determine?

A

A stars distance from Earth

20
Q

Which stars use hydrogen slower?

A

Lower, it has less mass

21
Q

What is the only star in our solar system?

A

Sun

22
Q

Where does the suns energy come from?

A

Hydrogen fusion

23
Q

How does energy move from the Suns core to the photosphere?

A

Through the radiative zone

24
Q

How many layers does the Sun have?

A

6

25
Q

Which layer of the Suns interior is the hottest?

A

Core

26
Q

How are sunspots different from other areas in the photosphere?

A

Appear dark
Cooler temperature
Brighter

27
Q

What is the difference between a flare and a prominence?

A

Flare is hot gas on Suns surface

Prominence is a loop and isn’t on the surface

28
Q

What protects earth from solar wind?

A

Magnetic field guides wind around the planets

29
Q

What causes auroras to form?

A

Solar wind enter atmosphere

30
Q

Solar flare

A

Eruptions that occur when the loops in sunspot regions suddenly connect

31
Q

Core

A

The center if the Sun

32
Q

Chromosphere

A

The lager of the suns atmosphere that has a reddish glow

33
Q

Nuclear fusion

A

The joining of hydrogen atoms to form helium

34
Q

Photosphere

A

The layer of the suns atmosphere that gives off visible light

35
Q

Prominence

A

Reddish loops of gas that link parts of sunspot regions

36
Q

Radiation zone

A

The layer of the Suns interior where energy is transferred mainly by electromagnetic radiation

37
Q

Convection zone

A

The outermost layer of the suns INTERIOR

38
Q

What do stars differ in?

A

Size, brightness, and temperature

39
Q

What two things determine how bright a star appears to an observer?

A

The luminosity and distance from Earth

40
Q

To determine the true brightness of a star, astronomers must measure what?

A

Distance from Earth

41
Q

A stars temperature affects what?

A

Color

42
Q

When a star runs out of ______ it starts to change

A

Fusion

43
Q

Is the Sun a lower or higher mass star?

A

Lower

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