Chapter 3

Question 0

Volcano

Answer 0

An opening in Earth’s crust in which molten rock, rock fragments, and hot gases erupt

Question 1

Lava

Answer 1

Magma that has reached Earth’s surface

Question 2

Pyroclastic Flow

Answer 2

A dense cloud of super hot gases

Question 3

What is the difference between lava and magma?

Answer 3

Lava is outside of the volcano, magma is inside

Question 4

How hot and how fast can pyroclastic flow get?

Answer 4

It can get up to 1500 degrees Fahrenheit and can travel up to 160 km per hour

Question 5

Where do most volcanoes occur?

Answer 5

Ring of Fire, divergent boundaries, subduction zones, along plate boundaries, around hot spots

Question 6

What are the three types of volcanoes?

Answer 6

Shield
Cinder Cone
Composite

Question 7

What are the two volcanoes that can form a caldera?

Answer 7

Shield and composite

Question 8

What do scientists examine when they monitor volcanoes?

Answer 8

Increase in earthquakes
Changes in tilt of ground
Increased temperatures
Changes in volcanic gas

Question 9

Descrie magma

Answer 9

Mostly made of silica
High in silica=explosive eruption
Low in silica=less dangerous
Collects in magma chamber

Question 10

Ash

Answer 10

Tiny rock fragments less than 2 mm in size

Question 11

Cinders

Answer 11

Contain holes and tunnels left by escaping gases

Question 12

Block

Answer 12

Large fragments

Question 13

Main gases in magma

Answer 13

Water vapor and carbon dioxide

Question 14

Acid rain

Answer 14

Rain that has become more acidic than normal due to pollution

Question 15

Geyser

Answer 15

Hot spring that shoots out water

Question 16

Name two materials that erupt from volcanoes

Answer 16

Rock fragments and gases

Question 17

Lava flows

Answer 17

Flow of molten rock at Earth’s surface

Can knock down and burn things

Question 18

Volcanic ash

Answer 18

Tiny pieces of rock

Can suffocate plants, animals, and people

Question 19

Landslides

Answer 19

A rapid downhill movement of rock and soil

Can cover objects and cause tsunamis

Question 20

Mudflows

Answer 20

Landslides that occur when loose rocks and soil are mixed with water
Can bury towns

Question 21

Steam explosions

Answer 21

Occur when magma comes near water

Can cause huge explosions, some capable of destroying whole islands

Question 22

Immediate Effects on land(negative)

Answer 22

Lava flows
Volcanic ash
Mudflows
Pyroclastic flow
Landslides
Steam explosions

Question 23

Long term effects on land(negative)

Answer 23

Mudflows continue for years

Water filling up craters

Question 24

Long term effects on land(positive)

Answer 24

Form rich soil for farming | Creates beautiful land for tourism

Question 25

Effects in air(negative)

Answer 25

Gases cause breathing problems/death Acid rain Change weather Ash travels far and can stay there for years

Question 26

Effects in water

Answer 26

``` Tsunami Geysers Hot springs Fumaroles Deep sea vents ```

Question 27

Magma chamber

Answer 27

Where magma collects when it stops rising underground

Question 28

Fumarole

Answer 28

A hot spring that releases steam and other gases

Question 29

How does the amount of silica and viscosity affect the type of explosion?

Answer 29

High in silica resists flowing Low in silica pours easily Viscosity is how easily it flows

Question 30

Why do scientists monitor volcanoes?

Answer 30

For signs of eruptions

Question 31

Describe a shield volcano

Answer 31

Built of layers of lava Broad, flat dome Shield shaped Low in silica

Question 32

Describe a cinder cone volcano

Answer 32

Steep, cone shaped hill | Formed by eruptions of cinders and rock fragments

Question 33

Describe a composite volcano

Answer 33

Cone shaped Built of layers of lava and layers of rock fragments High in silica

Question 34

What is the difference between a geyser and a fumarole?

Answer 34

A geyser shoots water, a fumarole releases steam and gases

Question 35

Deep Sea Vent

Answer 35

Hot springs that form at spreading centers in the ocean

Question 36

Lahar

Answer 36

Mudflow that is very dangerous because it acts like cement

Question 37

Pumice

Answer 37

Volcanic rock that resembles a sponge