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Science > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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0
Q

Volcano

A

An opening in Earth’s crust in which molten rock, rock fragments, and hot gases erupt

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1
Q

Lava

A

Magma that has reached Earth’s surface

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2
Q

Pyroclastic Flow

A

A dense cloud of super hot gases

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3
Q

What is the difference between lava and magma?

A

Lava is outside of the volcano, magma is inside

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4
Q

How hot and how fast can pyroclastic flow get?

A

It can get up to 1500 degrees Fahrenheit and can travel up to 160 km per hour

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5
Q

Where do most volcanoes occur?

A

Ring of Fire, divergent boundaries, subduction zones, along plate boundaries, around hot spots

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6
Q

What are the three types of volcanoes?

A

Shield
Cinder Cone
Composite

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7
Q

What are the two volcanoes that can form a caldera?

A

Shield and composite

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8
Q

What do scientists examine when they monitor volcanoes?

A

Increase in earthquakes
Changes in tilt of ground
Increased temperatures
Changes in volcanic gas

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9
Q

Descrie magma

A

Mostly made of silica
High in silica=explosive eruption
Low in silica=less dangerous
Collects in magma chamber

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10
Q

Ash

A

Tiny rock fragments less than 2 mm in size

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11
Q

Cinders

A

Contain holes and tunnels left by escaping gases

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12
Q

Block

A

Large fragments

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13
Q

Main gases in magma

A

Water vapor and carbon dioxide

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14
Q

Acid rain

A

Rain that has become more acidic than normal due to pollution

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15
Q

Geyser

A

Hot spring that shoots out water

16
Q

Name two materials that erupt from volcanoes

A

Rock fragments and gases

17
Q

Lava flows

A

Flow of molten rock at Earth’s surface

Can knock down and burn things

18
Q

Volcanic ash

A

Tiny pieces of rock

Can suffocate plants, animals, and people

19
Q

Landslides

A

A rapid downhill movement of rock and soil

Can cover objects and cause tsunamis

20
Q

Mudflows

A

Landslides that occur when loose rocks and soil are mixed with water
Can bury towns

21
Q

Steam explosions

A

Occur when magma comes near water

Can cause huge explosions, some capable of destroying whole islands

22
Q

Immediate Effects on land(negative)

A 
Lava flows
Volcanic ash
Mudflows
Pyroclastic flow
Landslides
Steam explosions
23
Q

Long term effects on land(negative)

A

Mudflows continue for years

Water filling up craters

24
Q

Long term effects on land(positive)

A

Form rich soil for farming

Creates beautiful land for tourism

25
Q

Effects in air(negative)

A

Gases cause breathing problems/death
Acid rain
Change weather
Ash travels far and can stay there for years

26
Q

Effects in water

A 
Tsunami 
Geysers
Hot springs
Fumaroles
Deep sea vents
27
Q

Magma chamber

A

Where magma collects when it stops rising underground

28
Q

Fumarole

A

A hot spring that releases steam and other gases

29
Q

How does the amount of silica and viscosity affect the type of explosion?

A

High in silica resists flowing
Low in silica pours easily
Viscosity is how easily it flows

30
Q

Why do scientists monitor volcanoes?

A

For signs of eruptions

31
Q

Describe a shield volcano

A

Built of layers of lava
Broad, flat dome
Shield shaped
Low in silica

32
Q

Describe a cinder cone volcano

A

Steep, cone shaped hill

Formed by eruptions of cinders and rock fragments

33
Q

Describe a composite volcano

A

Cone shaped
Built of layers of lava and layers of rock fragments
High in silica

34
Q

What is the difference between a geyser and a fumarole?

A

A geyser shoots water, a fumarole releases steam and gases

35
Q

Deep Sea Vent

A

Hot springs that form at spreading centers in the ocean

36
Q

Lahar

A

Mudflow that is very dangerous because it acts like cement

37
Q

Pumice

A

Volcanic rock that resembles a sponge

Science (11 decks)

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