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Chapter 4 Flashcards

0
Q

Meteor

A

A brief streak of light from a falling space object

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1
Q

Ellipse

A

The shape of a planet’s orbit

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2
Q

Rings

A

A wide flat zone of small particles that orbit a planet

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3
Q

Astronomical unit

A

The average distance from Earth to the Sun

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4
Q

Meteorite

A

A space object that reaches the Earth’s surface

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5
Q

Comet

A

A small icy body that orbits the Sun

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6
Q

Terrestrial planets

A

Planets that have a rocky crust that have dense mantles and cores.

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7
Q

Gas giant

A

Planets made mostly of hydrogen, helium, and other gases

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8
Q

Tectonics

A

Process of change in a crust due to the movement of hot material

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9
Q

Volcanism

A

Process where molten rock moves from the interior to the surface

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10
Q

Asteroid

A

Small solid rocky bodies that orbit close to the Sun

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11
Q

List the planets in order starting closest to the Sun

A

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

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12
Q

Which planets are gas giants?

A

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

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13
Q

Which planets are terrestrial?

A

Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars

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14
Q

How did the solar system form?

A

a cloud of gas and dust formed the Sun and the planets

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15
Q

What is impact cratering? How are craters formed?

A

A large object hits and leaves a dent.

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16
Q

How do the distance between the inner planets compare to the distances between the outer planets?

A

The inner planets are a lot closer together than the outer planets.

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17
Q

Which planets show evidence of tectonics?

A

The inner/terrestrial planets: mercury, Venus, earth, Mars

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18
Q

Which planets have volcanoes?

A

The inner/terrestrial ones:mercury, Venus, earth, Mars (Mars has biggest)

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19
Q

What are the white bands of Jupiter made of?

A

Icy clouds that look white because they reflect sunlight.

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20
Q

What are the rings around the gas giants made of?

A

Mostly ice

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21
Q

Which planets have rings?

A

The gas giants:Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

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22
Q

Are the asteroids, planets, and comets orbiting in the same plane or different?

A

Same:in the shape of an ellipse

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23
Q

Do the gas giants have any of the four processes?

A

No, too dense

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24
How is a moon different from a planet?
A moon orbits the planet
25
What are the four process? Describe each one
Tectonics: the crust moves and distorts to the movement of hot material Impact cratering: a small object hits the planet and leaves a dent Volcanism: molten rock ends up reaching the surface Weathering and erosion: wind, water, and heating and cooling material is pulled downhill
26
Why is a comet sometimes bright?
It's coma and tail reflect sunlight
27
Describe the atmosphere of Mars
``` Fast winds Mostly carbon dioxide No liquid water Polar ice caps Not dense enough to a keep surface warm ```
28
What object is between Mars and Jupiter?
Asteroid belt
29
Why is a meteor visible?
It's a brief streak of light
30
What are Jupiter and Saturn mostly made of? Uranus and Neptune?
Jupiter and Saturn are gases | Uranus and Neptune are methane and ammonia
31
What type of atmosphere do gas giants have?
Deep
32
What are planets rings mostly made of?
Ice
33
what is the solar system made up of?
The sun, the planets and various smaller bodies
34
What is the relationship between the solar system and the Milky Way?
The Milky Way is part of the solar system
35
What does the universe include?
Open space and all the matter and energy in it
36
Who named the constellations?
The Greek named them after animals and imaginary beings
37
How is a grouping of stats in a constellation different from grouping of planets in a solar system?
Stars aren't close together
38
Why can't you see all constellations at once?
Earth blocks half of space from our view
39
In Greek what does planet mean and why was it named that?
Planet means wanderer. They noticed that planets move along the constellations
40
Why do planets look bright?
They reflect the sun
41
What are the 2 regions of the solar system?
Inner and outer
42
What causes objects in the solar system to orbit the Sun?
Gravitational pull of the Sun
43
Why do planets and large moons have a spherical shape?
Ridged edges are pulled toward the middle
44
Would a lumpy or round object have more mass?
Round, more clumps are pulled tighter and closer together
45
Atmosphere of terrestrial planets
Mainly formed from gases that came from volcanoes
46
Atmosphere of Venus
mostly carbon dioxide, very dense, slows down loss of energy which makes it very hot, moves around well so it's always hot everywhere, sulfuric acid forms clouds that cover the planet
47
Atmosphere of Mercury
no atmosphere to move hot and cold areas
48
Atmosphere of Earth
Mostly nitrogen with some oxygen, gravity holds in gases
49
Atmosphere
Gases surrounding a planet that are held in by gravity | Absorbs ultraviolet radiation, warms the surface by holding in hear, reduces extreme temperatures
50
Atmosphere of Saturn
Storms and stripes of clouds are harder to see because they are deeper in the atmosphere Rings are made of chunks of water ice
51
Uranus and Neptune atmosphere
Made of heavier gases Color comes from methane gas above a layer of white clouds Less hydrogen and helium
52
Atmosphere of Jupiter
``` Fast rotation produces fast winds and stormy weather More bands of wind then Earth Stripes of cold white clouds Below are brown or red clouds Below that are bluish clouds Storm lasts a long time Great Red Spot: largest storm ```
53
Describe Pluto's gravitational pull
Weak
54
Why do scientists have no clear image of Pluto?
No spacecraft has yet passed close to it
55
What is Charon?
Pluto's moon
56
Why are Pluto and Charon called a double planet?
They orbit eachother
57
What's different about the orbit of Pluto?
It's at an angle and not as round so it gets closer to the sun than Neptune
58
What shapes do the smallest moons have?
Irregular
59
Why do asteroids have irregular shapes?
Their gravity is too weak to pull them into spheres
60
What are the surfaces of asteroids covered with?
Craters, broken rocks, and dust
61
What are comets made of?
Ice rock and metal
62
What do comets have oval orbits around?
Pluto and the inner solar system, orbit to the Sun but not close
63
Which way does a comets tail point?
Away from the Sun
64
What is the outside of a meteorite smooth from?
From melting
65
Where do most meteorites come from?
The asteroid belt
66
Why are the gas giants dense inside?
Gravity pulls it together
67
Which planet is the largest?
Jupiter
68
Which planet has the most beautiful rings?
Saturn
69
How many earth years does it take for Jupiter to travel around the Sun?
12 years
70
Reflecting telescope
Has a mirror that collects light

Science (11 decks)

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