Chapter 5 Flashcards
What is Culture?
A unique meaning and information system, shared by a group and transmitted across generations.
What does it mean to Express?
Show an emotion as it’s felt with no modifications.
What does Amplify mean?
Exaggerating the intensity of an emotion.
What does Deamplify mean?
Minimizing the intensity of an emotion.
What does Mask mean?
Concealing true emotions by displaying a different emotion.
What does Neutralize mean?
Showing no emotion at all.
What does Qualify mean?
Combining multiple emotions in one expression.
What does Simulate mean?
Displaying an emotion that is not actually felt.
What is Express Without Modification?
Showing emotions exactly as they are felt.
What are Cultural Display Rules?
Rules learned early in childhood that help individuals manage and modify their emotional expressions depending on social circumstances.
What is the Display Rule Assessment Inventory (DRAI)?
Used to study cultural differences.
What is Individualism vs. Collectivism?
A dimension of cultural variability where individualistic cultures foster individuals’ needs, wishes, and desires over in groups, while collectivistic cultures foster the needs of ingroups over those of individuals.
What are Expressive Cultures?
Use facial expressions and gestures more frequently with greater intensity, speak in louder voices, and use direct gaze.
What are Reserved Cultures?
Use fewer facial expressions and gestures, speak softly, don’t use direct gaze, and display greater distances.
What is the Ingroup advantage hypothesis?
Suggests that emotions are recognized better within the same culture. However, recent studies suggest this may be limited to posed expressions.
What is Response Linkage?
Links Between emotion-eliciting context and facial expressions.
What is Context Differentiation?
The ability of a culture to make distinctions in behavior according to context.
What did Friesen (1972) find about Differences in Expressing Emotion?
Americans and Japanese viewed stressful films alone and with an experimenter. Alone, both groups showed similar expressions. With an experimenter, Americans continued to express negative emotions, while Japanese smiled more, demonstrating cultural display rules.
What did Matsumoto, Willingham, & Olide (2009) study?
Studied Olympic athletes’ expressions. Initial reactions were universal (joy for winners, sadness for losers). Subsequent expressions were culturally regulated, influenced by population density, affluence, and individualism.
How does Culture contrast with Race?
Race is a social construct with controversial definitions.
How does Culture contrast with Nationality?
Nationality is the country of origin, often associated with culture.
How does Culture contrast with Ethnicity?
Ethnicity refers to common nationality, geographic origin, culture, or language.
How does Culture contrast with Sex and Gender?
Sex is a biological difference; Gender refers to culturally appropriate behaviors.
How does Culture contrast with Personality?
Personality refers to individual differences within cultural frames.
