Chapter 4 Flashcards
What are gestures?
Primarily hand movements used to illustrate speech and convey verbal meaning.
What are illustrators?
Movements that are directly tied to speech and serve to illustrate or highlight what is being said.
What are emblems?
Emblematic gestures that are culture-specific and can be gender specific within cultures.
What are the types of speech illustrators?
- Batons: emphasize a word or phrase. 2. Ideographs: draw a thought or sketch a path. 3. Deictic movements: pointing. 4. Spatial movements: illustrate spatial relationships. 5. Kinetographs: depict bodily action. 6. Pictographs: draw a picture to refer to.
How are speech illustrators associated with verbal behavior?
All speech illustrators are associated with verbal behavior on a moment-to-moment basis and are directly tied to speech content, verbal meaning, and voice volume.
What do emblems convey?
Emblems convey verbal meaning without words and are specific to cultures, potentially being offensive within and across cultures.
What role do facial expressions and head movements play in gestures?
Facial expressions and head movements can serve as gestures, such as raising eyebrows to indicate higher notes.
How do cultural differences affect gestures?
Cultures vary in frequency, expansiveness, and duration of gestures, with Latin & Middle Eastern cultures encouraging large, expressive gestures, while East Asian cultures are more reserved.
What is the significance of gaze in nonverbal communication?
Gaze is linked to dominance, power, aggression, affiliation, and nurturance, playing a role in social hierarchy and respect.
What is the Intimacy Equilibrium Hypothesis?
People adjust their personal space when it is violated.
Can you provide an example of the Intimacy Equilibrium Hypothesis?
In an elevator, individuals avoid eye contact to create a sense of space.
What are the types of nonverbal communication?
- Illustrators: Support speech. 2. Emblems: Stand alone without speech. 3. Adaptors: Unconscious gestures. 4. Regulators: Help manage conversation flow.
What are Hall’s Proxemics Theory personal space categories in the U.S.?
- Intimate space: Less than 18 inches. 2. Personal space: 18 inches to 4 feet. 3. Social space: 4 to 12 feet. 4. Public space: More than 12 feet.
What are some nonverbal communication terms?
- Proxemics: Study of interpersonal space. 2. Haptics: Study of touch. 3. Kinesics: Study of body movement. 4. Chronemics: Study of time in communication.
What are some cultural nonverbal norms?
Avoiding eye contact is seen as respectful in Japanese culture, while pointing with the index finger is considered rude in some cultures.
What is the role of touch in communication?
Light, appropriate touch can enhance rapport in some contexts, while excessive or forced mirroring can seem manipulative.
How can effective nonverbal communication build rapport?
Mirroring posture and gestures subtly can build trust, and direct and intense eye contact is not always necessary.
