Chapter 5 Flashcards
____= includes halophiles, thermophiles, extremophiles
___= on skin, soil, water, can be pathogenic
archaebacteria;
eubacteria
characteristics of prokaryotes (6)
-smaller than eukaryotes
- no nucleus
- peptidoglycan cell wall
- conjugation
-transduction
- 20 min growth rate
___= transfer of DNA by cytoplasmic bridge
___= DNA is packaged in a virus and infects bacterial cells
conjugation;
transduction
MICROORGANISMS AS A TOOL (4)
Microbial Enzymes;
Bacterial Transformation;
Cloning and Expression Techniques;
Microbial Proteins as Reporters
____ gene (a protein necessary for
circadian rhythms in Arabidopsis thaliana)
which produces ___.
lux ;luciferase
Used to develop a fluorescent bioassay to test for TB
reporter microbial proteins
___ used to make curds (solid) and
whet in production of cheese
Rennin
Recombinant rennin is known as
___
(1st
recombinant
ingredient approved by FDA)
chymosin
____ Fermentation- used to
make cheese, yogurt, etc.-
___ fermentation-used to
make beer and wine
Lactic Acid;
Ethanol
antibiotics act in few ways (3)
-Prevent replication
-kill bacteria
-Damage cell wall /prevent
synthesis
-DPT-____
-MMR-___
-OPV-___
Diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus;
Measles, mumps, and rubella;
oral polio vaccine (Sabin
CHARACTERISTICS OF VACCINE
(8)
-safe
-cost effective production
- efficient
- stable
- effective after single use
- long lasting immunity
- induces humoral and cell mediated immunity
- compatible with local management practices
TYPES OF VACCINE (3)
Subunit vaccines;
Live attenuated vaccines;
Inactivated vaccines
use a small part of a pathogen
to train our immune system to fight off future
infection. They cannot cause disease but may
need the addition of other chemicals for the
vaccine to trigger a strong immune reaction.
Subunit vaccines
use a weakened form
of the virus, which can still grow and replicate, but
does not cause illness.
Live attenuated vaccines
contain viruses whose
genetic material has been destroyed by heat,
chemicals or radiation so they cannot infect cells
and replicate, but can still trigger an immune
response
Inactivated vaccines
vaccines produced from a cloned gene
recombinant vaccines
direct injection of plasmid DNA containing genes encoding specific antigenic proteins
DNA vaccines
BIOTERRORISM DISEASES and the species scientific names (6)
*Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis)
*Botulism (Clostridium botulinum toxin)
*Plague (Yersinia pestis)
*Smallpox (Variola major)
* Tularemia (Francisella tularensis)
* Viral hemorrhagic fevers (filoviruses [e.g., Ebola)
Neonates= __ vaccines
tuberculosis, type B hepatitis
1-2 months= ___ vaccines
DPT, hepatitis B and Hib
4 months= __ vaccines
DPT, polio, Hib
6 months= __ vaccines
DPT, Hib, polio
9 months= __ vaccines
measles, yellow fever, hepatitis B
15 months= __ vaccines
measles, mumps, rubella and DPT
5 or 6 years= __ vaccines
DPT and polio
15 years= __ vaccines
diphtheria, tetanus
