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Chapter 1 (common knowledge identification) Flashcards

1
Q
  • the application or harnessing
    of science for a specific purpose
A

TECHNOLOGY

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2
Q

The most advanced and modernized branch of
biology

A

Biotechnology

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3
Q

“Biotechnology” was used by ___
in (date)in his book called “______”

A

Karl Ereky;
1919;
Biotechnology of
Meat, Fat and Milk Production in an Agricultural Large-Scale
Farm

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4
Q

The direct manipulation of nature for the
benefit of mankind at the subcellular
molecular
levels.

A

biotechnology

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5
Q

Combination of both biological science
with engineering

A

biotechnology

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6
Q

is defined as the industrial
use of recombinant DNA, cell diffusion and novel
bioprocessing
techniques

A

“new” biotechnology

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7
Q

impacts of
Biotechnology on the human life (medicine): 3

A
  • Genetic engineering
  • Create new medicine
  • Improve human health
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8
Q

impacts of
Biotechnology on the human life (agriculture): 3

A
  • Food production
  • Improve crops
  • Environmental protection & preservation
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9
Q

impacts of
Biotechnology on the human life (energy): 2

A
  • Waste generation
  • Decreasing water usage
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10
Q

genetically modified tomato, was the first
commercially grown genetically engineered food to be granted a license for human consumption.

A

Flavr Savr (also known as CGN-89564-2; “flavor
saver”)

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11
Q

Flavr Savr was developed by the Californian company
___in the 1980s.

A

Calgene;

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12
Q

became the first
country in the world to approve Golden Rice for
commercial propagation.

A

Philippines

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13
Q

use as existing interventions to address
Vitamin Deficiency.

A

Golden Rice

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14
Q

is a biological product which is
given to individuals to strengthen their
immune system towards the attacks of
bacteria and pathogens.

A

Vaccine

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15
Q

are subunit vaccines; selected genes are introduced into the
plants and the transgenic
plant is then
induced to manufacture the encoded
protein.

A

Edible vaccines/green vaccines

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16
Q

starter bacteria of most cheeses (3)

A

Lactococci;
Lactobacilli;
Streptococci families.

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17
Q

STAGES OF BIOTECHNOLOGY (3)

A
  1. Ancient Biotechnology
  2. Classical Biotechnology
  3. Modern Biotechnology
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18
Q

what stage?
* Took place before the 1880s
* Humans learned to plant crops and domesticated animals for
food.

A

Ancient Biotechnology

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19
Q
  • (year)- started to use fermentation.
  • ____was considered the oldest microbe to be used for the
    benefit of mankind (bread, vinegar, alcoholic beverages)
  • ___were produced from crossbreeding male donkey and a
    female horse, used for transporting loads and farming.
A

9000 BC;
Yeast;
Mules

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20
Q

what stage?
* 1800s to the middle of the 20th century
* Pisum sativum- Gregor Mendel
* Fermentation promoted food production and medicine
* Mass production of different types of fermented beverages.

A

Classical Biotechnology

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21
Q

what stage?
- Genetic manipulation of organism

A

Modern Biotechnology

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22
Q

____technique, which
makes unlimited copies of genes and gene fragments, is
conceived

A

polymerase chain reaction (PCR

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23
Q

the first recombinant vaccine is approved for human use:
___and the first anti cancer drug is produced through
biotech: ____

A

hepatitis B;
interferon.

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24
Q

____ was used to convict a crime
suspect in UK.

A

DNA fingerprinting

25
, an enzyme used in making hard cheese
chymosin
26
an international effort to map all of the genes in the human genome.
Human Genome Project ,
27
a sheep with human genes for production of human therapeutic proteins in her milk
(Tracey)
28
first animal cloned from an adult cell
Dolly the sheep
29
stimulates production of Vit. A and prevent blindness.
golden rice
30
first entire plant genome is sequenced,
Arabidopsis thaliana.
31
first cloned pet
(a kitten, CopyCat or Cc
32
a gene editing tool; discovered in bacteria, operate like an immune system against invading viruses *meaning of CRISPR*
CRISPR-Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)
33
10 COLORS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
Green= Agriculture Red=Medical White=Industrial Gold=Bioinformatics Grey=Environment Protection Blue=Marine (Aquatic) Yellow=Food Nutritional Violet=IPR, Ethics and Biosafety Brown=Arid & Desert Dark=Bioterrorism, Biological Weapons
34
uses living cells and cell materials to produce pharmaceutical and diagnostic products that help treat and prevent human diseases
Medical “Red” Biotechnology
35
, treating diseases by inserting genes into a patient or replacing diseased genes with normal genes
Gene therapy
36
, using stem cells to produce various organs and tissues and the laboratory and transplanting these to replace damaged organs or tissues
Stem cell therapy
37
– makes use of living cells derived from sources such as plants, bacteria, and yeasts, and creates products that need less resources during their production- produce less waste
Industrial “White” Biotechnology
38
fastest-growing biotechnology field that uses microorganisms in chemical production, plastics, textiles, biofuels, cosmetics, paper, textile, tanning, and food products
Industrial “White” Biotechnology
39
finding ways to produce stronger crops or creating new biopesticides to reduce the many chemicals used by farmers
Agricultural “Green” Technology
40
, the use of plants as sources of pharmaceutical products is an application of agricultural biotechnology
Molecular pharming
41
involves the application of science and engineering for the direct or indirect use of aquatic organisms or parts or products of living aquatic organisms in their natural or modified forms
Blue Aquatic Biotechnology
42
related to using Biotechnological techniques for the development of nutrition-rich products; Improvement of food products nourishing quality increase and with health promoting additives
yellow Nutritional biotechnology
43
Management of deserts, arid lands, and dry and saline soils for growing high-valued commercial crops
BROWN BIOTECHNOLOGY
44
includes intellectual property rights, laws, ethical issues, biosafety, biosecurity, philosophic issues, and legal issue
VIOLET BIOTECHNOLOGY
45
started in 1980 when genetically modified microorganisms (GMOs) first-time patent was started.
VIOLET BIOTECHNOLOGY
46
Biotechnological techniques in terrorism, biological weapons, biowarfare, and development of toxins that are harmful to all types of living orga
DARK BIOTECHNOLOGY
47
* Mostadvancedformof Biotechnology * Deals with all the types of computational biology techniques (computer science, chip technology, nanobiotechnology
GOLD BIOTECHNOLOGY (Bioinformatics)
48
related to environmental applications and focuses on the solutions to environmental problems. * It includes bioremediation, waste management, sewage treatments, etc.
Grey Environmental Biotechnology
49
includes the dissemination of information of interest to the other branches; carried out both in the fields of education and scientific dissemination with new advances in biotechnologies
ORANGE BIOTECHNOLOGY
50
the use of biotechnology to process and degrade a variety of natural and humanmade substances, particularly those that contribute to environmental pollution.
Bioremediation
51
- the molecular biology techniques are used to genetically engineer (i.e. modify the genome) animals in order to improve their suitability for agriculture, industrial, or pharmaceutical applications.
Animal Biotechnology
52
Animals can be used as “___” to produce important products– e.g. goats, cattle, sheep, and chickens are being used as sources of medically valuable proteins such as antibodies (for immunity)
bioreactors
53
two basic techniques used in biotechnology
Tissue culture(Soft Biotechnology); Genetic engineering (Hard Biotechnology)
54
Tissue culture(Soft Biotechnology): 3
Tissue Culture Bio-fertilizer Vermiculture
55
Genetic engineering (Hard Biotechnology): 2
Genetic Engineering Recombinant DNA technology
56
– studies the cause of diseases by performing experiments, analyzing data and doing surveys.
Epidemiologists
57
– the field that combines engineering and biology and usually involves designing products for the medical industry, like artificial organs or devices such as MRIs
Bio-engineer
58
– analyzes evidence from a crime scene.
Crime lab technician
59
– works in the food manufacturing industry and aims to improve the taste, texture and look of various food products.
Food scientist

Biotechnology (Midterms) (7 decks)

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