Chapter 1 (common knowledge identification) Flashcards
- the application or harnessing
of science for a specific purpose
TECHNOLOGY
The most advanced and modernized branch of
biology
Biotechnology
“Biotechnology” was used by ___
in (date)in his book called “______”
Karl Ereky;
1919;
Biotechnology of
Meat, Fat and Milk Production in an Agricultural Large-Scale
Farm
The direct manipulation of nature for the
benefit of mankind at the subcellular
molecular
levels.
biotechnology
Combination of both biological science
with engineering
biotechnology
is defined as the industrial
use of recombinant DNA, cell diffusion and novel
bioprocessing
techniques
“new” biotechnology
impacts of
Biotechnology on the human life (medicine): 3
- Genetic engineering
- Create new medicine
- Improve human health
impacts of
Biotechnology on the human life (agriculture): 3
- Food production
- Improve crops
- Environmental protection & preservation
impacts of
Biotechnology on the human life (energy): 2
- Waste generation
- Decreasing water usage
genetically modified tomato, was the first
commercially grown genetically engineered food to be granted a license for human consumption.
Flavr Savr (also known as CGN-89564-2; “flavor
saver”)
Flavr Savr was developed by the Californian company
___in the 1980s.
Calgene;
became the first
country in the world to approve Golden Rice for
commercial propagation.
Philippines
use as existing interventions to address
Vitamin Deficiency.
Golden Rice
is a biological product which is
given to individuals to strengthen their
immune system towards the attacks of
bacteria and pathogens.
Vaccine
are subunit vaccines; selected genes are introduced into the
plants and the transgenic
plant is then
induced to manufacture the encoded
protein.
Edible vaccines/green vaccines
starter bacteria of most cheeses (3)
Lactococci;
Lactobacilli;
Streptococci families.
STAGES OF BIOTECHNOLOGY (3)
- Ancient Biotechnology
- Classical Biotechnology
- Modern Biotechnology
what stage?
* Took place before the 1880s
* Humans learned to plant crops and domesticated animals for
food.
Ancient Biotechnology
- (year)- started to use fermentation.
- ____was considered the oldest microbe to be used for the
benefit of mankind (bread, vinegar, alcoholic beverages) - ___were produced from crossbreeding male donkey and a
female horse, used for transporting loads and farming.
9000 BC;
Yeast;
Mules
what stage?
* 1800s to the middle of the 20th century
* Pisum sativum- Gregor Mendel
* Fermentation promoted food production and medicine
* Mass production of different types of fermented beverages.
Classical Biotechnology
what stage?
- Genetic manipulation of organism
Modern Biotechnology
____technique, which
makes unlimited copies of genes and gene fragments, is
conceived
polymerase chain reaction (PCR
the first recombinant vaccine is approved for human use:
___and the first anti cancer drug is produced through
biotech: ____
hepatitis B;
interferon.
____ was used to convict a crime
suspect in UK.
DNA fingerprinting
, an
enzyme used in making hard cheese
chymosin
an
international effort to map all of the genes in the human
genome.
Human Genome Project ,
a sheep with
human genes for production of human therapeutic proteins in
her milk
(Tracey)
first animal
cloned from an adult cell
Dolly the sheep
stimulates production of Vit. A and prevent blindness.
golden rice
first entire plant genome is sequenced,
Arabidopsis thaliana.
first cloned pet
(a kitten, CopyCat or Cc
a gene editing tool; discovered in bacteria,
operate like an immune system against invading viruses
meaning of CRISPR
CRISPR-Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)
10 COLORS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
Green= Agriculture
Red=Medical
White=Industrial
Gold=Bioinformatics
Grey=Environment Protection
Blue=Marine (Aquatic)
Yellow=Food Nutritional
Violet=IPR, Ethics and Biosafety
Brown=Arid & Desert
Dark=Bioterrorism, Biological Weapons
uses living cells and cell materials
to produce pharmaceutical and
diagnostic products that help treat
and prevent human diseases
Medical “Red” Biotechnology
, treating diseases
by inserting genes into a patient
or replacing diseased genes with
normal genes
Gene therapy
, using stem
cells to produce various organs
and tissues and the laboratory
and transplanting these to replace
damaged organs or tissues
Stem cell therapy
– makes
use of living cells derived from sources such as
plants, bacteria, and yeasts, and creates
products that need less resources during their
production- produce less waste
Industrial “White” Biotechnology
fastest-growing biotechnology field that uses
microorganisms in chemical production,
plastics, textiles, biofuels, cosmetics, paper,
textile, tanning, and food products
Industrial “White” Biotechnology
finding ways to
produce stronger crops or creating
new biopesticides to reduce the
many chemicals used by farmers
Agricultural “Green” Technology
, the use of plants as
sources of pharmaceutical products is an
application of agricultural biotechnology
Molecular pharming
involves
the application of science and
engineering for the direct or indirect
use of aquatic organisms or parts or
products of living aquatic organisms
in their natural or modified forms
Blue Aquatic Biotechnology
related to
using Biotechnological techniques for the
development of nutrition-rich products; Improvement of food products nourishing
quality increase and with health promoting
additives
yellow Nutritional biotechnology
Management of deserts, arid lands, and dry and
saline soils for growing high-valued commercial
crops
BROWN BIOTECHNOLOGY
includes intellectual property rights, laws, ethical
issues, biosafety, biosecurity, philosophic issues,
and legal issue
VIOLET BIOTECHNOLOGY
started in 1980 when genetically modified
microorganisms (GMOs) first-time patent was
started.
VIOLET BIOTECHNOLOGY
Biotechnological techniques in terrorism,
biological weapons, biowarfare, and
development of toxins that are harmful to
all types of living orga
DARK BIOTECHNOLOGY
- Mostadvancedformof Biotechnology
- Deals with all the types of computational
biology techniques (computer science, chip
technology, nanobiotechnology
GOLD BIOTECHNOLOGY (Bioinformatics)
related to environmental applications
and focuses on the solutions to
environmental problems.
* It includes bioremediation, waste
management, sewage treatments, etc.
Grey Environmental Biotechnology
includes the dissemination of information of interest to the other branches; carried out both in the fields
of education and scientific dissemination with new advances in
biotechnologies
ORANGE BIOTECHNOLOGY
the use of biotechnology to process and
degrade a variety of natural and
humanmade substances, particularly those
that contribute to environmental pollution.
Bioremediation
- the molecular biology
techniques are used to genetically engineer (i.e.
modify the genome) animals in order to
improve their suitability for agriculture,
industrial, or pharmaceutical applications.
Animal Biotechnology
Animals can be used as “___” to
produce important products– e.g. goats, cattle,
sheep, and chickens are being used as sources
of medically valuable proteins such as
antibodies (for immunity)
bioreactors
two basic techniques used in biotechnology
Tissue culture(Soft Biotechnology);
Genetic engineering (Hard Biotechnology)
Tissue culture(Soft Biotechnology): 3
Tissue Culture
Bio-fertilizer
Vermiculture
Genetic engineering (Hard Biotechnology): 2
Genetic Engineering
Recombinant DNA technology
– studies the cause of diseases by performing
experiments, analyzing data and doing surveys.
Epidemiologists
– the field that combines engineering and biology
and usually involves designing products for the medical industry, like
artificial organs or devices such as MRIs
Bio-engineer
– analyzes evidence from a crime scene.
Crime lab technician
– works in the food manufacturing industry and aims
to improve the taste, texture and look of various food products.
Food scientist
