Chapter 4 Flashcards
are biomolecules made up of amino acids joined by peptide bonds
proteins
the first protein to have its 3D structure known by x-ray crystallography.
myoglobin
Protein structure (4)
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary
protein structure:
sequence in which AA are linked together.
Primary structure
- occurs when chains
of AA fold or twist at specific points forming new shapes due to formation of H bonds between hydrophobic AA
Secondary structure
2 types of secondary protein structure:
alpha helix, beta sheets
= amino acids form right handed
spiral so hydrogen bonds stabilize the structure
linking an amino acid’s nitrogen atom to the
oxygen atom of another amino acid
Alpha helix
= hydrogen bonds link nitrogen and oxygen atoms forming sheets that are parallel/antiparallel
Beta sheet
= 3 dimensional
polypeptides and are formed when
secondary structures are cross linked. This structure of protein determines its function
Tertiary structures
are unique,
globular, three-dimensional complexes
built of several polypeptides
Quaternary structures
Applications of Proteins in
healthcare (2)
Treatment of damaged corneas;
Screening molecules associated
with disease
Biosynthetic corneas from synthetically cross recombinant
produced in ___cell.
yeast
Applications of Proteins in
Industry (4)
Food processing
-Textiles and leather goods
-detergents
-Bioremediation:
categories of proteins include (7)
antibodies,
enzymes,
cytokines,
hormones,
signaling peptides,
structural component, and
transport/storage proteins.
is a biomolecule that speeds up biochemical reactions
enzyme
examples of enzymes (8)
-Glycosidase (carbohydrase)
-Proteases
-Lipases
-Pectinases
-Lactases
-Glucose isomerase
-Cellulases/hemicellulases
- Penicillin Acylase
___=breakdown starch
____=digest milk sugar
Amylase;
Lactases
___=, digest proteins for detergents, meat/leather,
cheese, animal/human digestive aids
___= break down other fats in dairy and vegetable oil products
Proteases;
Lipases
____=, digest enzymes in fruit juice/pulp
___=produces high-fructose
syrups
Pectinases
Glucose isomerase
___=, produce animal
feeds, fruit juices, brewing converters
▪ ____=, produces penicillin
Cellulases/hemicellulases;
Penicillin Acylase
Application of Recombinant
Proteins (4)
Medicine
Food production
Cleaning industry
Environment
protein-based pharmaceutical products (13)
-Erythropoietin
-interleukins 1,2,3,4
-monoclonal antibodies
-Interferons
-Colony-stimulating factors
-blood clotting factors
-human growth factor
-epidermal growth factor
-insulin
-insulin-like growth factor
-tissue plasminogen factor
-tumor necrosis factor
-vaccines
what protein?
treatment of anemia
Erythropoietin
what protein?
treatment of cancer, AIDS; radiation or drug induced bone marrow suppression
interleukins 1,2,3,4
