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Science Y9 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

List the reactivity series from the most reactive to the least reactive

A

Potassium,K
Sodium,Na
Calcium,Ca
Magnesium,Mg
Zinc,Zn
Iron,Fe
Copper,Cu
Silver,Ag
Gold,Au

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2
Q

What happens when potassium reacts with oxygen,water and dilute acid

A

Oxygen: potassium burns brightly when heated to form an oxide

Water: potassium very vigorous reaction, the hydroxide is formed

Dilute acid: potassium violent reaction and very dangerous

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3
Q

What happens when sodium reacts with oxygen,water and dilute acid

A

Oxygen: sodium burns brightly when heated to form an oxide

Water:sodium very vigorous reaction, the hydroxide is formed

Dilute acid: sodium violent reaction and very dangerous

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4
Q

What happens when calcium reacts with oxygen,water and dilute acid

A

Oxygen: Calcium burns brightly in the air to form an oxide

Water: Calcium has a slow reaction in cold water to form the hydroxide

Dilute acid: calcium has violent reaction and very dangerous

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5
Q

What happens when Magnesium reacts with oxygen,water and dilute acid

A

Oxygen: magnesium burns brightly in the air to form an oxide

Water: magnesium has a slow reaction in cold water to form the hydroxide

Dilute acid:magnesium has a reaction , which becomes less vigorous as you go down the reactivity list

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6
Q

What happens when zinc reacts with oxygen,water and dilute acid

A

Oxygen: zinc has slow reaction when heated to form an oxide

Water: zinc reacts with steam but not water to form an oxide

Dilute acid: Zinc has a reaction, but becomes less vigorous as you go down the list

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7
Q

What happens when copper reacts with oxygen,water and dilute acid

A

Oxygen: zinc has slow reaction when heated to form an oxide

Water:Copper has no reaction with steam or water

Dilute acid: Zinc has a reaction, but becomes less vigorous as you go down the list

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8
Q

What happens when silver reacts with oxygen,water and dilute acid

A

Oxygen: silver has no reaction

Water: Silver has no reaction with water or steam

Dilute acid: Silver has no reaction

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9
Q

What happens when gold reacts with oxygen,water and dilute acid

A

Oxygen: silver has no reaction

Water: Silver has no reaction with water or steam

Dilute acid: Silver has no reaction

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10
Q

When you place a clean iron nail in a beaker containing copper sulfate solution.

The blue copper sulfate solution changes to a slightly paler colour. The nail has become copper coloured.

What is the word and symbol equation for this reaction?

A

Copper sulfate+ iron –> iron sulfate+copper

CuSO4+Fe —> FeSO4 + Cu

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11
Q

What is a displacement reaction?

A

A more reactive metal can replace a less reactive one in a salt

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12
Q

If a copper nail was placed in a solution of iron sulfate what would happen and why?

A

There would be no reaction because copper is less reactive than iron.

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13
Q

what is molten

A

Iron in a melting liquid state

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14
Q

What is the melting point of iron?

A

1535 degrees

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15
Q

What is an ore?

A

rock that contains a metal compound

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16
Q

What is the___ for hydrochloric acid
Formula
Salts formed from the acid
Example of salt
Formula of salt

A

Formula: HCL
Salts formed from the acid: chlorides
Example of salt: sodium chloride
Formula of salt: NaCl

17
Q

What is the ___ for sulfuric acid
Formula
Salts formed from the acid
Example of salt
Formula of salt

A

Formula: H₂SO₄
Salts formed from the acid: sulfates
Example of salt: copper sulfate
Formula of salt: CuSO₄

18
Q

What is the ___ for nitric acid
Formula
Salts formed from the acid
Example of salt
Formula of salt

A

Formula: HNO3
Salts formed from the acid: nitrates
Example of salt: potassium nitrate
Formula of salt: KNO3

19
Q

what is the general equation for the reaction of metals with acid

A

acid+ metal —> salt + hydrogen

20
Q

What is the word and symbol equations for reaction between zin and hydrochloric acid

A

zinc+ hydrochloric acid —> zinc chloride + hydrogen

Zn + 2HCl —> ZnCl₂ + H₂

21
Q

Some metals will not react with acids to make salt. For example silver and copper and too unreactive to displace hydrogen from an acid.

What is another way of making salts from unreactive metals?

A

We can make copper sulfate by heating copper oxide with sulfuric acid

22
Q

What is the word and symbol equation for copper oxide with sulfuric acid?

A

copper oxide + sulfuric acid —> copper sulfate+ water

CuO + H₂SO4 —> CuSO4 + H₂O

23
Q

Adding metal to an acid in a beaker then stirring it until it stops fizzing then pouring into an evaporating dish to evaporate it.

What is this process called?

A

Crystallisation

24
Q

What is the rock limestone made of?

A

Calcium carbonate

25
Q

What are skeletons of corals made from?

A

calcium carbonate reacting with acids

26
Q

Why do skeletons of coral are made in the oceans

A

The oceans become more slightly acidic as more carbon dioxide dissolves in the water

27
Q

What is neutralisation?

A

when alkalis react with acids to neutralise them. When an acid is neutralised by an alkali, a alt is produced

28
Q

Give an example of neutralisation

A

Sodum hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid.

NaOH+HCl –> NaCl + H₂O
sodium hydroxide+ hydrochloric acid —> sodium chloride + water

29
Q

is hydrochloric acid an alkali or acid?

A

alkali

30
Q

What are metal oxides called?

A

They are called bases

31
Q

How are alkalis formed?

A

Soluble metal bases form alkalis when they dissolve in water

32
Q

What is an example of soluble metal bases(metal oxides) forming alkalis when dissolved in water?

A

sodium oxide + water —> sodium hydroxide

Sodium oxide is a base, Sodium hydroxide is an alkali.

33
Q

Which metal oxides(bases) are not soluble in water?

A

Copper and Iron oxide

34
Q

Iron + sulfur

A

Iron Sulfide

35
Q

Magnesium + HCl —>

A

MgCl2 + H2

36
Q

Magnesium are placed in a crucible, and the mass of the crucible with the magnesium is recorded. The crucible is heated very carefully . The lid of the crucible is lifted from time to time to allow the air in. After heating, a reaction takes place.

The crucible contains white ashes. The mass of the ashes is more than the mass of the magnesium at the start of the reaction.

The mass of the ashes is more than the mass of the magnesium at the start of the reaction. Explain this with the word equation

A

magnesium + oxygen = magnesium oxide

37
Q

Describe exothermic reaction in terms of energy and chemical reactions

A

less energy is needed to break bonds in the reactants than is released when bonds form in the products.

38
Q

Describe endothermic reaction in energy and chemical reactions terms

A

It takes more energy to break bonds in the reactants than is released when the bonded form in the products

39
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy

A

energy cannot be destroyed or created.But can transfer from one form to another

Science Y9 (7 decks)

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