Chapter 5 Flashcards by Unknown Unknown

List the reactivity series from the most reactive to the least reactive

Potassium,K
Sodium,Na
Calcium,Ca
Magnesium,Mg
Aluminium,AL
Carbon,C
Zinc,Zn
Iron,Fe
Tin,Sn
Lead,Pb
Copper,Cu
Silver,Ag
Gold,Au

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What happens when potassium reacts with oxygen,water and dilute acid

Oxygen: potassium burns brightly when heated to form an oxide

Water: potassium very vigorous reaction, the hydroxide is formed

Dilute acid: potassium violent reaction and very dangerous

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What happens when sodium reacts with oxygen,water and dilute acid

Oxygen: sodium burns brightly when heated to form an oxide

Water:sodium very vigorous reaction, the hydroxide is formed

Dilute acid: sodium violent reaction and very dangerous

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What happens when calcium reacts with oxygen,water and dilute acid

Oxygen: Calcium burns brightly in the air to form an oxide

Water: Calcium has a slow reaction in cold water to form the hydroxide

Dilute acid: calcium has violent reaction and very dangerous

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What happens when Magnesium reacts with oxygen,water and dilute acid

Oxygen: magnesium burns brightly in the air to form an oxide

Water: magnesium has a slow reaction in cold water to form the hydroxide

Dilute acid:magnesium has a reaction , which becomes less vigorous as you go down the reactivity list

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What happens when zinc reacts with oxygen,water and dilute acid

Oxygen: zinc has slow reaction when heated to form an oxide

Water: zinc reacts with steam but not water to form an oxide

Dilute acid: Zinc has a reaction, but becomes less vigorous as you go down the list

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What happens when copper reacts with oxygen,water and dilute acid

Oxygen: copper has slow reaction when heated to form an oxide

Water:Copper has no reaction with steam or water

Dilute acid: copper has a reaction, but becomes less vigorous as you go down the list

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What happens when silver reacts with oxygen,water and dilute acid

Oxygen: silver has no reaction

Water: Silver has no reaction with water or steam

Dilute acid: Silver has no reaction

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What happens when gold reacts with oxygen,water and dilute acid

Oxygen: silver has no reaction

Water: Silver has no reaction with water or steam

Dilute acid: Silver has no reaction

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When you place a clean iron nail in a beaker containing copper sulfate solution.

The blue copper sulfate solution changes to a slightly paler colour. The nail has become copper coloured.

What is the word and symbol equation for this reaction?

Copper sulfate+ iron –> iron sulfate+copper

CuSO4+Fe —> FeSO4 + Cu

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What is a displacement reaction?

A more reactive metal can replace a less reactive one in a salt

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If a copper nail was placed in a solution of iron sulfate what would happen and why?

There would be no reaction because iron is less reactive than copper.

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what is molten

Iron in a melting liquid state

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What is the melting point of iron?

1535 degrees

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What is an ore?

rock that contains a metal compound

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What is the___ for hydrochloric acid
Formula
Salts formed from the acid
Example of salt
Formula of salt

Formula: HCL
Salts formed from the acid: chlorides
Example of salt: sodium chloride
Formula of salt: NaCl

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What is the ___ for sulfuric acid
Formula
Salts formed from the acid
Example of salt
Formula of salt

Formula: H₂SO₄
Salts formed from the acid: sulfates
Example of salt: copper sulfate
Formula of salt: CuSO₄

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What is the ___ for nitric acid
Formula
Salts formed from the acid
Example of salt
Formula of salt

Formula: HNO3
Salts formed from the acid: nitrates
Example of salt: potassium nitrate
Formula of salt: KNO3

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what is the general equation for the reaction of metals with acid

acid+ metal —> salt + hydrogen

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What is the word and symbol equations for reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid

zinc+ hydrochloric acid —> zinc chloride + hydrogen

Zn + 2HCl —> ZnCl₂ + H₂

Some metals will not react with acids to make salt. For example silver and copper and too unreactive to displace hydrogen from an acid.

What is another way of making salts from unreactive metals?

We can make copper sulfate by heating copper oxide with sulfuric acid

What is the word and symbol equation for copper oxide with sulfuric acid?

copper oxide + sulfuric acid —> copper sulfate+ water

CuO + H₂SO4 —> CuSO4 + H₂O

Adding metal to an acid in a beaker then stirring it until it stops fizzing then pouring into an evaporating dish to evaporate it.

What is this process called?

Crystallisation

What is the rock limestone made of?

Calcium carbonate

What are skeletons of corals made from?

calcium carbonate reacting with acids

What happens in the oceans when more carbon dioxide dissolves in the water

The oceans become more slightly acidic as more carbon dioxide dissolves in the water

What is neutralisation?

when alkalis react with acids to neutralise them. When an acid is neutralised by an alkali, a salt is produced

Give an example of neutralisation

Sodium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid. NaOH+HCl --> NaCl + H₂O sodium hydroxide+ hydrochloric acid ---> sodium chloride + water

is hydrochloric acid an alkali or acid?

alkali

What are metal oxides called?

They are called bases

How are alkalis formed?

Soluble metal bases form alkalis when they dissolve in water

What is an example of soluble metal bases(metal oxides) forming alkalis when dissolved in water?

sodium oxide + water ---> sodium hydroxide Sodium oxide is a base, Sodium hydroxide is an alkali.

Which metal oxides(bases) are not soluble in water?

Copper and Iron oxide

Iron + sulfur

Iron Sulfide

Magnesium + HCl --->

MgCl2 + H2

Magnesium are placed in a crucible, and the mass of the crucible with the magnesium is recorded. The crucible is heated very carefully . The lid of the crucible is lifted from time to time to allow the air in. After heating, a reaction takes place. The crucible contains white ashes. The mass of the ashes is more than the mass of the magnesium at the start of the reaction. The mass of the ashes is more than the mass of the magnesium at the start of the reaction. Explain this with the word equation

magnesium + oxygen = magnesium oxide

Describe exothermic reaction in terms of energy and chemical reactions

less energy is needed to break bonds in the reactants than is released when bonds form in the products.

Describe endothermic reaction in energy and chemical reactions terms

It takes more energy to break bonds in the reactants than is released when the bonds form in the products

What is the law of conservation of energy

energy cannot be destroyed or created.But can transfer from one form to another

What happens if Iron filings react with oxygen

catches in flames

What happens if Calcium reacts with oxygen

lilac flame slowly lits up

What happens if Sodium reacts with oxygen in a jar

reactive with medium flame and bright white flame

Zinc+ Sulfuric acid----> zinc sulfate + hydrogen explain why has the mass decrease after the reaction

Hydrogen gas has escaped and cannot be measured.

what is the equation for alkali+ acid

alkali+ acid ---> salt+ water

What is an example of alkali + acid

copper oxide + sulfuric acid---> copper sulfate + water

What is an example of alkali + acid

copper carbonate+ hydrochloric acid ---> copper chloride + carbon dioxide + water

Are reactants with oxide behind an alkali?

yes