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Science Y9 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the displacement method?

A

Irregular shaped materials are placed into a measuring cylinder of water. The increase in volume of water is the volume of object.

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2
Q

What does irregular mean

A

the sides and angles of the shape are not equal

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3
Q

How to calculate density

A

mass divided by volume

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4
Q

How to calculate volume with density and mass

A

mass divided by density

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5
Q

How to calculate mass with density and volume

A

density multiply volume

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6
Q

What happens if you put something more dense than water on water

A

it will sink

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7
Q

What happens if you put something less dense than water on water

A

It will float

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8
Q

How do ships float on water

A

There are large spaces inside the ships that contains only air.The ship has a very high volume.

This means that the average density of the whole ship is less than the density of the water

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9
Q

What happens if you put vegetable oil on water and why

A

The vegetable oil will float because it is less dense than water

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10
Q

Why do balloons filled with helium float

A

helium is less dense than the air. Therefore balloons will float

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11
Q

What unit is thermal energy measured in

A

Joules

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12
Q

What is heat

A

heat is a measure of energy in particles

heat is the total thermal energy of the vibrating particles in an object

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13
Q

There are 2 glasses water. There is a larger volume of water in one glass.What does this mean? and Why?

A

The glass with the larger value of water has greater total thermal energy than the glass with lower volume even when the temperatures are the same.

Because there are more particles, therefore the total thermal energy are higher

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14
Q

What 2 things that temperature gives us information on

A

-The direction that thermal energy will be transferred
-The average energy of particles in an object

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15
Q

What affects the transfer of thermal energy

A

The temperature difference between two objects

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16
Q

Difference between heat and temperature

A

heat tells us the total energy of particles while temperature tells us about the average energy of the particles

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17
Q

What does it mean when we say the temperature of the soup is higher than the water’s temperature

A

We are saying that the average energy of the soup is higher than the average energy of water particles

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18
Q

What is the lowest temperature possible called

A

Absolute zero

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19
Q

What is the temperature of absolute zero

A

-273C

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20
Q

What does a sparkler not cause serious harm when a spark falls on your hand?

A

The mass of the spark is very small comapred to

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21
Q

What do we mean when we say energy is conserved?

A

we mean that the total quantity of energy stays the same even when energy is stored, changed, transferred or even dissipated

22
Q

Can the total energy output be greater than the total energy input? Why?

A

No, this is because energy cannot be created

23
Q

What does energy being dissipated mean?

A

it means the energy spreads out into the surroundings and becomes less useful.

24
Q

Can energy be created?

A

NO

25
Q

Can energy be destroyed?

A

no

26
Q

What happens if you put your hands around a hot glass of drink

A

You will feel heat, this is because thermal energy moves from the drik, through the container and into your hands

27
Q

How does the movement of thermal energy work?

A

Thermal energy always moves from hotter places to colder places

28
Q

Why do your hands feel cold when you hold an ice?

A

The thermal energy from your hand transfer into the ice.

29
Q

What happens when you hold an ice for too long and why

A

You can damage your skin by holding ice for too long because your skin needs the correct quantity of thermal energy to function

30
Q

What makes metal being the best conductors of heat

A

the way of the particles are arranged. The electrons that are free to move in a metal help to pass along the vibrations

31
Q

What are poor conductors(good insulators) of heat?

A

Wood,plastics and fabrics such as wool and cotton

32
Q

What is the opposite of conductor

A

an insulator

33
Q

How do wooden spoons aid in cooking

A

they are good insulators. Therefore it makes the spoon comfortable to touch.

34
Q

How does the cooking pan’s handle help with cooking

A

It is made from plastic which is a good insulator of heat, therefore it is comfortable to touch

35
Q

Why does conduction not work well in liquids

A

The particles just move around instead of just vibrating

36
Q

Why does conduction not work well in gases

A

the particles are far apart and the collisions are not very frequent

37
Q

Describe the process of conduction

A

The particles vibrates when heated, they push against the particles beside them and this causes the particles to vibrate more vigorously

38
Q

Imagine a gas or liquid that is heated at the bottom. The particles at the bottom will start to move faster and take up more space. THis part of the liquid or gas will become less dnese and start to float up through the colder, more dense parts. THis upward movement of warmer liquid or gas is called___

A

convection

39
Q

Explain how convection is useful in a cooking pan

A

the hot,less dense water rises to the top while the cooler water which are is more dense sinks to the bottom.

This helps the water to get heated and cook faster as the colder water sinks to the bottom to get heated more easily.

40
Q

What is radiation

A

radiation is a type of wave we cannot see

41
Q

Thermal energy travels through the vacuum between the Sun and Earth. What is this type thermal energy transfer called?

A

radiation

42
Q

What does the term ‘emit’ means

A

to give out

43
Q

What is the difference between radiation and other ways of transferring energy?

A

It can pass through a vacuum, it does not need particles

44
Q

What are the best emitters and absorbers of radiation?

A

Objects that:
are dull
are black
have a large surface area

45
Q

What are the worst emitters and absorbers of radiation?

A

Objects that:
are shiny
are white or silver
have a small surface area

46
Q

What reflects radiation away

A

Shiny,white or silver surfaces

47
Q

How does vacuum flasks slow the transfer of thermal energy

A

By reducing conduction and radiation

Inside a vacuum flask there is a glass bottle with a silver surface. The glass bottle is surrounded by vacuum.

The silver surface of the bottle reflects thermal energy in the form of radiation back into the hot drink while the vacuum surrounding the bottle prevents conduction of thermal energy from the drink to the outside.

48
Q

What happens to the particles that remain when the particles with the highest energy escape from the water.

A

The average energy of the particles gets lowered

49
Q

What happens when water from your skins evaporates

A

the particles with the highest energy escape causing the water to cool. This causes cooling.

50
Q

What happens when the sweat on our body evaporates?

A

Its temperature drops.The thermal energy from the skin is then transferred to the cooler sweat.The process repeats

51
Q

How do air coolers use evaporation of water to cool air?

A

The air cooler contains a sponge that is soaked in water. A fan blows warm air from the room through the sponge. The warm air provides the thermal energy to evaporate the water and so thermal energy of the air decreases. This cools the air.

52
Q
A

Science Y9 (6 decks)

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