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Science Y9 > Chapter 1 Science > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Science Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does Photo in photosynthesis mean

A

Light

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2
Q

What does Synthesis in photosynthesis mean

A

making

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3
Q

What does photosynthesis mean

A

‘making with light’

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4
Q

In photosynthesis, plants use:

A

-water,get from soil
-carbon dioxide, get from air
energy, get from sunlight

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5
Q

What is the energy in the sunlight captured by

A

green pigment called chlorophyll

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6
Q

where can you find chlorophyll

A

inside some of the cells in the leaves of the plants

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7
Q

what is Energy in plants used for

A

to make water and carbon dioxide combine together in a chemical reaction

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8
Q

Write the word equation for photosynthesis

A

water+carbon dioxide—> glucose+oxygen

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9
Q

Why is photosynthesis important?

A

1.photosynthesis provides energy in form of chemical energy in nutrients
plants use the energy in sunlight to make glucose and other carbohydrate.

2.provides oxygen for Earth’s atmosphere

  1. energy in food chains are captured by plants
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10
Q

where is chlorophyll kept

A

Inside chloroplasts, inside plant cells

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11
Q

what are carbohydrates stored as in plants

A

They are stored as starch

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12
Q

where are starch stored

A

Inside the chloroplast of plant cells.

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13
Q

where does photosynthesis happen

A

inside a chloroplast

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14
Q

What are stomata

A

Tiny holes in the leaf which allow gases to diffuse in and out

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15
Q

list down the structure of the leave

A

1.Waxy layer
2.upper epidermis
3.Palisade layer
4. Vein
5.Spongy layer
6.Lower epidermis
7. Stoma

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16
Q

what is the function of a waxy layer

A

on the leaf surface that stops the leaf from drying out

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17
Q

Whata re the functions of upper epidermis

A

protects the cells inside the leaf

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18
Q

what is the function of the palisade layer

A

contain cells that do most of the photosynthesis

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19
Q

what if the function of the vein

A

carries water to the cells in the leaf

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20
Q

What is the function of spongy layer

A

has lots of air spaces. The cells in the spongy layer do a small amount of photosynthesis

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21
Q

what is the function of the lower epidermis

A

protects the cells inside the leave

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22
Q

what are the functions of a stoma

A

tiny hole in the lower epidermis that lets carbon dioxide from the air to get into the leaf

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23
Q

What are yield

A

Yield is the quantity of crop that the farmer harvests

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24
Q

Why do farmer add fertilisers to their fields

A

to make crops grow and produce higher yield

25
Q

What do fertilisers contain?

A

Mineral

26
Q

what happens if the soil of the plant does not contain enough materials

A

They cannot grow to their full potential

27
Q

What are two important minerals for plants

A

magnesium and nitrate

28
Q

what is magnesium needed for in plants

A

to produce green pigment,chlorophyll.

29
Q

What happens if a plant lacks magnesium

A

The leaves will look yellow instead of green,it cannot grow well because it does not have much chloroplast to absorb the energy from sunlight and photosynthesise as much as it should

30
Q

What are Nitrate needed for in plants

A

to convert carbohydrates to proteins

31
Q

what happens if a plant lacks nitrogen

A

leaves die and the plant stay small

32
Q

How can farmers find out exactly which mineral are lacking in each parts of the field

A

Farmer can test the soil in their fields, this tells the farmer when to add fertiliser and where it is not needed

33
Q

is carbon a metal or non metal?

A

non-metal

34
Q

What are diamonds made of?

A

Diamonds are made of carbon

35
Q

The lead in the pencil is not lead at all, it is another form of element carbon called what?

A

graphite

36
Q

What do living organisms need?

A

carbon

37
Q

What are compounds that contain carbon?

A

Protein, fats and carbohydrates

38
Q

What are used for plants to make proteins and fats?

A

carbohydrates

39
Q

how do we get carbon

A

When we consume plants or other animals and we get the carbon-containing nutrients

40
Q

How do decomposers get carbon?

A

Decomposers get their carbon when they break down waste products from plants and animals

41
Q

What is the respiration equation

A

glucose+oxygen –> carbon dioxide+ water

42
Q

What happens when you breathe out

A

carbon dioxide that was produced in your cells by respiration goes into the air around you

43
Q

What happens when organisms die?

A

When they die, they are not always broken down quickly by decomposers. Sometimes, their bodies fall into places where there is no oxygen such as deep in the ocean. The organisms bodies get gradually buried as more and more sediment builds up on top of them

High pressure and heat change their remains into fossil fuels including coal oil or gas

44
Q

Why decomposers cannot respire when organism’s dead body fall into deep ocean

A

Because there is not enough oxygen

45
Q

How are oil and gas formed?

A

When tiny marine organisms died and fell to the sea bed. The oil rig has pipes that go deep into the sea bed where deposits of liquid oil are present. It is brought up through the pipes and taken ashore to be used as fuel.

46
Q

How are coal formed

A

The remains of the plants grew in huge swamps.Their remains that were buried over millions of years, slowly turning into coal

47
Q

What happens when we burn fossil fuel?

A

The carbon in it combines with oxygen from the air and forms carbon dioxide. This is called combustion

48
Q

What happens if there are no carbon dioxide in the atmosphere at all

A

The Earth would be a frozen place,unable to support life

49
Q

Carbon dioxide and methan are___

A

greenhouse gases

50
Q

What is climate?

A

Climate is the long-term pattern of temperatures,wind and rainful on Earth.

51
Q

What do scientist called Earth that was covered with ice and snow

A

snowball Earth or “slushball Earth”

52
Q

What is Slush?

A

Melting Ice

53
Q

How was ice age triggered according to Scientists?

A

Two asteroids collided with one another 470 million years ago. The collision produced huge quantities of dust. The dust reduced the amount of light and heat from the Sun reaching the Earth’s suface. This triggered an ice age.

54
Q

What do you call objects in space that are smaller than an asteroid?

A

meteoroids

55
Q

What do you call a meteoroid when they enter Earth’s atmosphere

A

They are called meteors

56
Q

what do you call parts of meteoroids that collide with Earth?

A

meteorites

57
Q

What factors increases the chance of extreme weather events such as hurricanes and typhoons?

A

Increase in temperature

58
Q

What causes sea levels to rise?

A

The increase in Earth’s temperature. Water expands when it is heated

Science Y9 (6 decks)

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