Chapter 4 Flashcards
Where do special cells called root hair grow out of
Surface of roots.
How does root hair absorb minerals along with water?
It passes through the cell wall and the cell membrane of the cell, and into the cytoplasm.
What is a xylem vessel
A vessel which transport water and mineral ions up the plant
Describe the structure of xylem vessels
they are long, tube like cells. THey are dead cells-all of their contents such as cytoplasm and nucleus have dissapeared.
All that is left is their cell walls with empty space inside.Connects the roots to the highest parts of the plant.
Describe a process of how water moves through the leaves.
When water arrives at a leaf, it moves through the xylem vessels into the leaf cells. The cells that have chloroplasts use some of the water for photosynthesis. But they do not need very much water for that.
The liquid water in the cell soaks into the cellulose cell wall, and then changes to water vapour and evaporates. It diffuses into the air spaces between the cells.
The air spaces connect with the air outside the leaf through tiny holes called stomata.
The loss of water vapour from leaves is called
transpiration
What happens when a plant cell doesn’t contain enough water?
It becomes soft and floppy and collapses. It becomes wilted because they need water to stay strong and firm and well supported.
How is water important for plants?
Water can be used for transport,cooling(When water evaporates and takes heat with it) and photosynthesis
What is excretion
Getting rid of waste materials inside the body.
Give examples of substances that gets rid from excretion
carbon dioxide, urea, excess water
Where does the protein broken down from food go after the digestive system.
Any proteins in food are broken down to smaller molecules inside the digestive system. They go into the blood, the blood brings them into the liver
What happens if we get more protein than we need?
the liver changes the smaller molecules into urea( a poisonous substance). The urea is removed from the blood by the kidneys in the excretory system. This system is also known as the renal system
Is Urea a poisonous substance?
Yes
What happens if urea builds up in the body?
it makes a person ill
How is urea removed
from the blood by the kidneys in the excretory system.As the blood flows through the kidneys, the kidneys filter the blood. They remove all of the urea from it.
The urea dissolves in the excess water removed by the kidney from the blood.The solution becomes urine.
The urine made in each kidney flows down a tube called a ureter.This carries it to the bladder. The urine flows out of the bladder to the outside world through another tube called urethra
What is another term for excretory system?
renal system
what is the solution of urea mixed with the excess water in the kidney called?
urine
What do you call a new human that grows inside its mother
a fetus
What happens to the substance that the fetus needs gets to the fetus?
The substances that the fetus needs are brought to it in its mother’s blood. The mother’s blood and the fetus blood does not mix. Their blood systems come very close but do not touch. The substance that the fetus needs are diffused from the mother’s blood to the fetus blood.
What happens to the substances that the fetus needs to excrete?
The substance from the fetus blood will be diffused into the mother’s blood to be excreted
Why does a pregnant woman need a balanced diet and a little bit more?
Some of the nutrients that she eats are passed to the growing fetus
What nutrients are important for a pregnant woman’s diet?
Protein
Carbohydrate
Vitamin and minerals
Why do pregnant women and fetus need protein?
Protein is needed to help the fetus produce new cells and grow. And to also make haemoglobin for itself
The mother also needs protein to keep her muscles strong and working well. She also needs extra protein to make extra haemoglobin because her blood has to transport oxygen to her fetus as well as enough for herself.
Why do pregnant women and fetus need carbohydrate?
Carbohydrate supplies energy.
Glucose is a carbohydrate and cells get their energy by combining glucose with oxygen in respiration.
Both mother and fetus both needs enough energy.
