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Science Y9 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the atomic and mass number of Lithium(Li)?

A

Atomic number:3
Mass Number:7

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2
Q

What is the atomic and mass number of Beryllium(Be)?

A

Atomic Number:4
Mass number:9

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3
Q

What is the atomic and mass number of Sodium(Na)?

A

Atomic Number:11
Mass Number:23

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4
Q

What is the atomic and mass number of Magnesium(Mg)

A

Atomic Number:12
Mass number:24

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5
Q

What is the atomic and mass number of Potassium(K)?

A

Atomic Number:19
Mass number:39

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6
Q

What is the atomic and mass number of Calcium(Ca)?

A

Atomic number:20
Mass number:40

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7
Q

What is the atomic and mass number of Hydrogen(H)?

A

atomic number:1
mass number:1

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8
Q

What is the atomic and mass number of Boron(B)?

A

atomic number:5
mass number:11

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9
Q

What is the atomic and mass number of Carbon(C)?

A

atomic number:6
mass number: 12

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10
Q

What is the atomic and mass number of Nitrogen(N)?

A

atomic number:7
mass number:14

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11
Q

What is the atomic and mass number of oxygen(O)

A

atomic number:8
mass number:16

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12
Q

What is the atomic and mass number of fluorine(F)

A

atomic number:9
mass number 19

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13
Q

What is the atomic and mass number of helium(He)

A

atomic number:2
mass number:4

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14
Q

What is the atomic and mass number of neon(Ne)

A

atomic number:10
mass number:20

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15
Q

What is the atomic and mass number of aluminium (Al)

A

atomic number:13
mass number:27

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16
Q

What is the atomic and mass number of silicon(Si)?

A

atomic number: 14
mass number:28

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17
Q

What is the atomic and mass number of phosphorus(P)

A

atomic number:15
mass number:31

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18
Q

What is the atomic and mass number of sulfur(S)

A

atomic number:16
mass number:32

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19
Q

What is the atomic and mass number of chlorine(Cl)

A

atomic number:17
mass number:35

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20
Q

What is the atomic and mass number of argon(Ar)

A

atomic number:18
mass number:40

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21
Q

what are electron shells also called

A

energy levels

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22
Q

Which scientist developed Rutherfold’s model further

A

Niels Bohr

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23
Q

What are electrons held in place by

A

electrostatic forces

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24
Q

What is an electrostatic structure

A

the electrons that are arranged in electron shells around the nucleus

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25
what is group 1 in the periodic table
alkali metals
26
what is group 7 in the periodic table
halogens
27
What are group 8 in the periodic table called
noble gases
28
What are the properties of group 8 elements
They enert(unreactive) and do not form commpounds.
29
Where is the shell with the highest energy level
on the outside of the atom
30
what is the shell with the highest energy level called?
outermost electron shell
31
when are atoms more stable
when outermost electron shell is completely full of electrons
32
why can't noble gases form compounds
in Group 8, the noble gases have their outermost electron shell full, therefore they are unable to form commpounds
33
What are the elements in compounds held together by?
chemical bonds
34
What are 2 ways the chemical bonds can be formed?
-the atom can lose or gain electrons - atoms share electrons
35
What happens when an element loses an electron?
the element forms an ion
36
what happens to the symbol of sodium when a sodium atom loses an electron
it becomes sodium Na+
37
why does sodium become more stable when it loses one electron?
the next shell will become the outermost electron shell when the sodium atom loses an electron. The next outermost electron shell is full therefore the atom will be more stable.
38
Elements such as chlorine in group 7 only have seven electrons in its outermost electron shell. To fill its outermost electron shell, what will it do?
It will gain an electron and forms a chlorine Ion.
39
What happens when the chlorine atom with only seven atoms in its outermost electron shell becomes full
It will become a chlorine ion, it becomes more stable than the chlorine atom
40
What is the symbol of chlorine Ion( the outermost electron shell just had been filled from 7 to 8)
Cl-
41
Where is the shell with the highest energy
at the outermost electron shell
42
Why do elements react together to form compound?
Elements that does not have their outermost electron shells full, they form aa compound to fill the outermost electron shell
43
What are compounds held by
chemical bonds
44
how can chemical bonds be formed
1. atoms lose or gain electrons 2.atoms share electrons
45
If the sodium atom with 11 positive and 11 negative charge loses one electron and becomes a sodium ion with 11 positive charge and 10 negative, what is the symbol and electronic structure for sodium ion?
Na+ [2,8]+
46
if the chlorine atom with 17 negative charge and 17 positive charge gains one electron and becomes a chlorine ion this means 17 positive charges but 18 negative charges what is the symbol and electronic structure
Cl- [2,8,8]-
47
Why is potassium more reactive than lithium and sodium
The electrons on the outermost shell of the potassium element is furthest away from the proton, therefore it makes it easier for it to escape
48
Why is fluorine more reactive than chlorine?
The electron on the outermost shell of fluorine is closeest to the proton so an additional electron is attracted by the electrostatic forces more readily than in chlorine
49
how are ionic compounds formed
they form when a metal reacts with non metal
50
what happens when magnesium with 12 electrons form an ionic compound with chlorine which each chlorine atoms have 17 electrons
The magnesium loses 2 electrons from its outermost shell and forms a magnesium ion. Two chlorine atom gains one electron and become two chlorine ion(2 Cl-)
51
How are molecules formed
when atoms share a pair of electrons
52
Give an example of a molecule forming
a hydrogen atom has one electron and its outermost electron shell and it only requires one more to be full while chlorine has 7 in its outermost electron shell the atoms share a pair of electrons so both have their outermost electron shells full of electrons a molecule of hydrogen chloride is formed and the formula is (HCl)
53
what is a dot and cross diagram
one atom's electron is a dot and another atom's electron is a cross
54
What do you call chemical bond where electrons are shared
covalent bond
55
how are covalent molecules formed
When atoms of different non-metals elements join together to form compounds and when atoms of the same non-metal elements join together
56
Give an example of a covalent molecules formed
Hydrogen and hydrogen two atoms of hydrogen join together to form a molecule of hydrogen. Both hydrogen atoms has only one electron but needs 2 to fill its outermost shell The hydrogen share a pair of electrons so both atoms have two electrons in the outermost electron shell to fill it and become more stable A molecule of hydrogen is formed and the formula is written as H₂
57
A molecule of hydrogen is formed. What is the formula written as
H₂
58
How is the covalent compound ammonia formed
When hydrogen and nitrogen share three pairs of electrons
59
A stable molecule of ammonia is formed what is its formula?
NH₃
60
Sodium Chloride forms a giant structure known as___
lattice
61
How is sodium chloride formed?
The Ions of sodium and chlorine have equal and opposite electrical charges so they are strongly attaracted to one another.
62
What do you call the forces between the moleculees
intermolecular forces
63
What matrial is used for the lead of the pencil
Graphite
64
Why do Ionic substances have high melting and boiling points
This is because the very strong electrostatic forces holding the ions toggether
65
Why do covalent substances made from simple molecules have low melting points and boiling points
Although the forces holding the molecules are strong, the forces between the molecules, the intermolecular forces are weak. This means that only a small amount of energy is needed to overcome these forces to melt or boil them
66
Why can ionic compounds conduct electricity
The ions have an electrical charge, the ions must be free to move and carry the electrical charge
67
Can covalent substances made from simple molecules conduct electricity?
No
68
What is the electronic configuration for boron
2,3
69
What is the electronic configuration for boron
2,8,8
70
What is the electronic configuration for Silicon
2,8,4
71
What is the electronic configuration for Chlorine
2,8,7
72
State 3 physical properties about Group 1 elements
1. Density for group 1 is lower than most metal 2. only 1 electron in outermost shell 3. Mass number increase
73
What are the chemical properties of group 1 elements
As we go down group 1, reactivitiy with water increases
74
Draw the electronic structure of Lithium atom and Lithium Ion
75
Draw the electronic structure of Potassium atom and Potassium Ion
76
Draw the electronic structure of Fluorine atom and Fluorine Ion
77
Draw the electronic structure of Chlorine atom and Chlorine Ion
78
Draw the covalent bond structure of Chlorine molecules
79
Draw the covalent bond of Carbon and Oxygen atoms
80
Draw the Ionic bond of Magnesium and Chlorine atoms
81
What is the difference between Ionic and Covalent bond
Ionic Bond transfers electrons while Covalent bond shares electrons.

Science Y9 (10 decks)

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