Chapter 5 Flashcards
PPT 1 and 2
frequency of an event for a specified time period
rate
live births per 1,000 population
Crude Birth Rate
True/False: Crude birth rate factors in any additional information (infant mortality, sex distribution, etc.).
False; Does not
What factors does replacement level depend on?
Infant mortality, death rate, etc
What is the average replacement level of a developed country? Developing?
2.1 children
2.3-2.5 children
average number of infant (<1 year old) deaths per 1,000 population.
Infant Mortality Rate
disparity between males and females in a population
sex imbalance
how can sex imbalance be reflected?
population pyramid
examples of what can cause sex imbalance
- female infanticide (One Child Policy)
- femicide
- male loss of life in war.
how to calculate RNI (rate of natural increase)?
crude birth rate - crude death rate
how much a population is increasing without the input/output of migration
rate of natural increase (RNI) (birth - death rate)
populations grouped by a common characteristic (often time frame) and used as a statistical unit
cohort
what is the “class of 2024” an example of?
cohort
average number of children a person will have during childbearing years–generally averaged by country
fertility rates (TFR - total fertility rate)
Common indicator for population growth and development status.
TFR (total fertility rate)
average number of deaths per 1,000 population.
death rate
Common indicator for assessing public health and social issues.
death rate
Graphic to visualize population based on age and sex composition. Designated by age and sex cohorts. Can show stable, rapid, decline.
population pyramid
number of economic dependents of any age (generally young and old) that each 100 people must support during their productive years.
dependency ratio
what is this an example of: a working-aged person is economically responsible for three children, one disabled adult, and two elderly parents.
dependency ratio
the amount of time a population will take to double at the current rate of growth.
doubling time
A mathematical expression that summarizes the contribution of different demographic processes to the population change of a given area during a specified time period.
the demographic equation
What is the demographic equation?
P2 = P1 + B − D + IM − OM
P2 is population at time 2
P1 is population at beginning date
B is the number of births
D is the number of deaths
IM is the number of in-migrants
OM the number of out-migrants
Use the dem eq to solve:
What is the total current population (P2) if:
P1 = 1,500,000; B = 300,000; D = 100,000; IM = 150,000; OM = 50,000
1,800,000
the scientific study of population, with particular emphasis on quantitative aspects
demography
demography answers specific questions about ___
population
a high _____ rate generally indicates less developed country
birth
a high ____ rate can indicate a developing country (countries with a low rate are more developed: USA, CHINA, etc)
fertility
common indicator of development stage, health care access, economy
infant mortality rate
What causes rapid growth population?
Large youth population and fewer elderly. High birth rates drive this, leading to a future boost in the workforce but also increasing dependency.
What causes decline in population?
Higher numbers in the 65+ age group, lower birth rates, and fewer young people. This can stra
What causes steady population?
Balanced age distribution with steady birth and death rates. This creates stability in the workforce, dependents, and social services.
Average ratio worldwide: _____ females to be born for every 100 males. But evens out b/c: more ___ die before age 5
95
males
relationship between births and deaths in positive, stable, and negative population growth
pos - more births than deaths
stable - replacement level (roughly same number of births as deaths)
neg - more deaths than births
what influences total growth of a population?
net migration
Nigeria projected to surpass United States population by
2050
- What year did population reach 1 billion?
- How long to reach 7 billion?
- Which regions are growing fastest (more or less developed?)
- 1800s (1804)
- 200 (207)
- Less developed; developing
relationship between the number of inhabitants and the area they occupy
population density
Permanently inhabited areas of Earth
Ecumene
Portion of Earth’s surface that is uninhabited or only temporarily or intermittently inhabited
Nonecumene
35% to 40% all land surface make up ecumene or nonecumene portion of earth?
nonecumene
Latitudinal Distribution | Where is % of total world population higher? (below, on, or above equator?)
Above the equator
What are physical, environmental, and geographic reasons for sparse population clusters?
Cold
Mountains
Dry Lands
Wet Lands
Nodes Surrounding Nonecumene; Ex: Taklamakan Desert | Why are there dense population centers surrounding?
1.Water Sources: Availability of rivers like the Tarim River for irrigation.
2.Trade Routes: Historical significance as part of the Silk Road, facilitating trade.
3.Economic Opportunities: Presence of mineral resources and agricultural potential.
4.Cultural Significance: Rich cultural history with diverse ethnic communities.
5.Transportation Links: Proximity to major routes connecting to larger cities and markets.
How can ecumenes be extended?
Irrigation, terracing
The number of people per unit area of land
Crude Density (Arithmetic)
The number of people per unit area of agricultural (arable) land
Physiological Density
Physiological density is more useful than _____ because it estimates how many people can be supported by ______ land
crude; arable
What is a high and low physiological density?
high - over 1000
low - fewer than 100
(per square km)
97% of Egyptians live on 8% of the land…. High or low physiological density?
High
Provides insight into the efficiency of agricultural practices and the level of development in a region’s agricultural sector
Agricultural density
farmers per unit of arable land
Agricultural density
what is a high/low agricultural density?
high - 100 per sq km
low - less than 10 per sq km
Egypt has 2x the physiological density than Netherlands and 25x agricultural density.
What does this suggest?
egypt has a less refined agricultural system and less arable land
Total population that can be adequately supported by the available resources on which that population subsists.
carrying capacity
Three things (not man-made) that affect carrying capacity, two man-made
Non:
Livable space
Arable land (food availability)
Access to water
Man:
Agricultural technology
Ability to import food
Which has a higher carrying capacity? Higher agricultural density?
Mechanized farming vs small scale manual farming
Higher Carrying Capacity: mechanized farming
Higher Agricultural Density: small-scale manual farming
