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Geography F24 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

PPT 1 and 2

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1
Q

frequency of an event for a specified time period

A

rate

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2
Q

live births per 1,000 population

A

Crude Birth Rate

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3
Q

True/False: Crude birth rate factors in any additional information (infant mortality, sex distribution, etc.).

A

False; Does not

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4
Q

What factors does replacement level depend on?

A

Infant mortality, death rate, etc

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5
Q

What is the average replacement level of a developed country? Developing?

A

2.1 children
2.3-2.5 children

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6
Q

average number of infant (<1 year old) deaths per 1,000 population.

A

Infant Mortality Rate

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7
Q

disparity between males and females in a population

A

sex imbalance

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8
Q

how can sex imbalance be reflected?

A

population pyramid

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9
Q

examples of what can cause sex imbalance

A
  1. female infanticide (One Child Policy)
  2. femicide
  3. male loss of life in war.
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10
Q

how to calculate RNI (rate of natural increase)?

A

crude birth rate - crude death rate

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11
Q

how much a population is increasing without the input/output of migration

A

rate of natural increase (RNI) (birth - death rate)

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12
Q

populations grouped by a common characteristic (often time frame) and used as a statistical unit

A

cohort

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13
Q

what is the “class of 2024” an example of?

A

cohort

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14
Q

average number of children a person will have during childbearing years–generally averaged by country

A

fertility rates (TFR - total fertility rate)

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15
Q

Common indicator for population growth and development status.

A

TFR (total fertility rate)

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16
Q

average number of deaths per 1,000 population.

A

death rate

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17
Q

Common indicator for assessing public health and social issues.

A

death rate

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18
Q

Graphic to visualize population based on age and sex composition. Designated by age and sex cohorts. Can show stable, rapid, decline.

A

population pyramid

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19
Q

number of economic dependents of any age (generally young and old) that each 100 people must support during their productive years.

A

dependency ratio

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20
Q

what is this an example of: a working-aged person is economically responsible for three children, one disabled adult, and two elderly parents.

A

dependency ratio

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21
Q

the amount of time a population will take to double at the current rate of growth.

A

doubling time

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22
Q

A mathematical expression that summarizes the contribution of different demographic processes to the population change of a given area during a specified time period.

A

the demographic equation

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23
Q

What is the demographic equation?

A

P2 = P1 + B − D + IM − OM

P2 is population at time 2
P1 is population at beginning date
B is the number of births
D is the number of deaths
IM is the number of in-migrants
OM the number of out-migrants

24
Q

Use the dem eq to solve:
What is the total current population (P2) if:
P1 = 1,500,000; B = 300,000; D = 100,000; IM = 150,000; OM = 50,000

A

1,800,000

25
Q

the scientific study of population, with particular emphasis on quantitative aspects

A

demography

26
Q

demography answers specific questions about ___

A

population

27
Q

a high _____ rate generally indicates less developed country

A

birth

28
Q

a high ____ rate can indicate a developing country (countries with a low rate are more developed: USA, CHINA, etc)

A

fertility

29
Q

common indicator of development stage, health care access, economy

A

infant mortality rate

30
Q

What causes rapid growth population?

A

Large youth population and fewer elderly. High birth rates drive this, leading to a future boost in the workforce but also increasing dependency.

31
Q

What causes decline in population?

A

Higher numbers in the 65+ age group, lower birth rates, and fewer young people. This can stra

32
Q

What causes steady population?

A

Balanced age distribution with steady birth and death rates. This creates stability in the workforce, dependents, and social services.

33
Q

Average ratio worldwide: _____ females to be born for every 100 males. But evens out b/c: more ___ die before age 5

A

95
males

34
Q

relationship between births and deaths in positive, stable, and negative population growth

A

pos - more births than deaths
stable - replacement level (roughly same number of births as deaths)
neg - more deaths than births

35
Q

what influences total growth of a population?

A

net migration

36
Q

Nigeria projected to surpass United States population by

A

2050

37
Q
  1. What year did population reach 1 billion?
  2. How long to reach 7 billion?
  3. Which regions are growing fastest (more or less developed?)
A
  1. 1800s (1804)
  2. 200 (207)
  3. Less developed; developing
38
Q

relationship between the number of inhabitants and the area they occupy

A

population density

39
Q

Permanently inhabited areas of Earth

A

Ecumene

40
Q

Portion of Earth’s surface that is uninhabited or only temporarily or intermittently inhabited

A

Nonecumene

41
Q

35% to 40% all land surface make up ecumene or nonecumene portion of earth?

A

nonecumene

42
Q

Latitudinal Distribution | Where is % of total world population higher? (below, on, or above equator?)

A

Above the equator

43
Q

What are physical, environmental, and geographic reasons for sparse population clusters?

A

Cold
Mountains
Dry Lands
Wet Lands

44
Q

Nodes Surrounding Nonecumene; Ex: Taklamakan Desert | Why are there dense population centers surrounding?

A

1.Water Sources: Availability of rivers like the Tarim River for irrigation.
2.Trade Routes: Historical significance as part of the Silk Road, facilitating trade.
3.Economic Opportunities: Presence of mineral resources and agricultural potential.
4.Cultural Significance: Rich cultural history with diverse ethnic communities.
5.Transportation Links: Proximity to major routes connecting to larger cities and markets.

45
Q

How can ecumenes be extended?

A

Irrigation, terracing

46
Q

The number of people per unit area of land

A

Crude Density (Arithmetic)

47
Q

The number of people per unit area of agricultural (arable) land

A

Physiological Density

48
Q

Physiological density is more useful than _____ because it estimates how many people can be supported by ______ land

A

crude; arable

49
Q

What is a high and low physiological density?

A

high - over 1000
low - fewer than 100
(per square km)

50
Q

97% of Egyptians live on 8% of the land…. High or low physiological density?

A

High

51
Q

Provides insight into the efficiency of agricultural practices and the level of development in a region’s agricultural sector

A

Agricultural density

52
Q

farmers per unit of arable land

A

Agricultural density

53
Q

what is a high/low agricultural density?

A

high - 100 per sq km
low - less than 10 per sq km

54
Q

Egypt has 2x the physiological density than Netherlands and 25x agricultural density.
What does this suggest?

A

egypt has a less refined agricultural system and less arable land

55
Q

Total population that can be adequately supported by the available resources on which that population subsists.

A

carrying capacity

56
Q

Three things (not man-made) that affect carrying capacity, two man-made

A

Non:
Livable space
Arable land (food availability)
Access to water

Man:
Agricultural technology
Ability to import food

57
Q

Which has a higher carrying capacity? Higher agricultural density?

Mechanized farming vs small scale manual farming

A

Higher Carrying Capacity: mechanized farming

Higher Agricultural Density: small-scale manual farming

Geography F24 (7 decks)

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