Chapter 3 Weathering, Erosion, Deposition Flashcards
______ process is the reduction and change of the land surface via what three things?
gradational
- weathering, erosion/deposition, mass movement
____ builds landforms
____ breaks them down
tectonic
gradation
what affects the rate at which exposes rocks will weather and erode?
location and elements
rock type and strength
exposure time
the processes that fragment rock materials is called
weathering
examples of weathering
sunlight, wind, rain, snow, ice, freezing and thawing, effects of life forms
two types of weathering
physical and chemical
what is the difference between physical (mechanical) weathering and chemical weathering
physical does not change the chemical makeup of the rock
chemical changes the minerals via water, gas (CO2 and O2) and organisms
The processes of physical weathering have their greatest effect at _____ elevations and ____ latitudes.
high
Frost Wedging
Salt Weathering
Biophysical
Abrasion
Exfoliation
(Thermal Expansion)
What are these examples of?
Physical weathering (no chemical makeup is affected)
Physical weathering breaks rocks down into smaller pieces, or clasts—collectively called _____
debris
what is frost wedging
water goes into the joints of rocks, freezes, and expands
where does frost wedging occur? what are examples?
high mountains and latitudes such as himalayas and andes
what is the most important physical weathering in places that drop below freezing?
frost wedging
why does salt weathering occur in arid climate and coastal areas?
arid climates = high evaporation rates
coastal areas = rock exposed to sea spray
physical weathering that occurs in arid climate and coastal areas
salt weathering
what is salt weathering?
salt crystals grow in pores of rocks, exerting pressure as they grow
how does growth occur in salt weathering?
the rock is continually wetted with salt water, then dried
Are rounded pits or cavities on the surface of a rock that form via salt weathering
tafoni
weathering caused by any living organism
biophysical weathering
when plant roots that are seeking water grow into joints
root wedging
rocks and sediment grind against each other, wearing down surfaces over time (wind, water, ice)
abrasion
Layers or sheets of rock break away from the surface as a result of decreasing pressure or shifts in temperature
exfoliation
exfoliation is aka
peeling onion
chemical weathering changes the _____ in rock through ____ rxn mainly involving _____
minerals, chemical, water