Chapter 3 Landforms

Question 1

Two processes that sculpt earth

Answer 1

Internal and External

Question 2

Internal processes

Answer 2

movement of the entire continents (slow moving, hundreds of millions of years)

Question 3

External processes

Answer 3

Weathering, erosion, and deposition (change the look/shape of landform over time)

Question 4

what is the difference between magma and lava?

Answer 4

magma - melted rock below the surface of the crust

lava - magma that spills onto the surface of the earth

Question 5

what does magma harden into? lava?

Answer 5

magma - basalt
lava - granite

Question 6

the order of the layers of the earth (from the farthest down)

Answer 6

asthenosphere > lithosphere > crust (continental and oceanic)

Question 7

Difference between continental and oceanic

Answer 7

continental - continents, granite, thicker and less dense, does not subduct

oceanic - oceans, basalt (volcanic), thinner, more dense, subducts

Question 8

Which type of crust forms the newest rock?

Answer 8

oceanic

Question 9

What is responsible for the movement of plates?

Answer 9

Asthenospheric convection

Question 10

The ____ of solid rock allows ____ from hot mantle and and interior

Answer 10

plasticity, convection

Question 11

convection is the movement of the

Answer 11

asthenosphere

Question 12

movement of the asthenosphere results in movement of

Answer 12

the plates above

Question 13

the asthenosphere allows for the movement of the ________

Answer 13

lithosphere

Question 14

solid rock supporting earth’s crust and containing tectonic plates

Answer 14

lithosphere

Question 15

the outermost layer of the lithosphere that sits on the moving plates and has landforms is called the

Answer 15

crust

Question 16

lithosphere is fractured into how many primary plates?

Answer 16

seven (and several minor)

Question 17

where lithospheric plates meet is known as the

Answer 17

plate boundary

Question 18

what two things are plate interactions responsible for

Answer 18

landform creation and tectonic hazards

Question 19

three plate boundary types

Answer 19

divergent, convergent, transform

Question 20

when two plates move apart it is known as

Answer 20

divergent

Question 21

when two plates move toward each other

Answer 21

convergent

Question 22

where one plate slips laterally past another

Answer 22

transform

Question 23

two types of divergent boundaries

Answer 23

continental rift and mid-ocean ridge (oceanic rift)

Question 24

what is created at mid-ocean ridges?

Answer 24

new oceanic lithosphere

Question 25

at mid ocean ridges is ____ rock

Answer 25

youngest

Question 26

oldest rock is found (closer/further) from oceanic rift/mid ocean ridges

Answer 26

further

Question 27

what is seafloor spreading

Answer 27

the process where new oceanic crust is formed at the ridge, spreads out, and pushes older crust away from the ridge

Question 28

continental rift will form a ____ , which will eventually form a _____, and then a _____

Answer 28

rift valley (african rift valley), new ocean basin (red sea), mature ocean (atlantic)

Question 29

what are among the largest bodies of freshwater in the world?

Answer 29

rift valley lake

Question 30

true or false: lake victoria is a rift lake

Answer 30

false, is not

Question 31

lake baikal is caused from what?

Answer 31

continental rift

Question 32

what is the deepest lake in the world?

Answer 32

lake baikal

Question 33

how old is lake baikal

Answer 33

25 million years old

Question 34

the red sea began as what?

Answer 34

rift valley

Question 35

what has continued the rift of the red sea?

Answer 35

sea floor spreading

Question 36

the rift valley of the red sea which led into seafloor spreading (oceanic rift) will eventually create what?

Answer 36

a new ocean basin

Question 37

continental crust > new ____ > ____ form > new _____

Answer 37

rift valley, volcanoes, ocean basin

Question 38

what is exposed in iceland?

Answer 38

the mid-atlantic ridge

Question 39

iceland is split by what?

Answer 39

divergent plate boundary

Question 40

three types of convergent boundary types

Answer 40

oceanic-oceanic (subduction) oceanic-continental (subduction) continental-continental (collision)

Question 41

what landforms are a result of subduction?

Answer 41

volcanoes, volcanic islands, mountains, ocean trenches

Question 42

what landforms are a result of collison?

Answer 42

tallest terrestrial mountains and plateaus

Question 43

the himalayan range is a result from what type of plate movement?

Answer 43

convergent collision

Question 44

the process of mountain building occurring from the collision, compression, and deformation of the earth's crust when tectonic plates converge is called

Answer 44

orogeny

Question 45

the process by which oceanic lithosphere of one plate bends and dives into the mantle beneath another plate

Answer 45

subduction

Question 46

in oceanic-oceanic or oceanic/continental the ____ plate subducts

Answer 46

densest

Question 47

subduction "____" earth's crust

Answer 47

recycles

Question 48

why won't two continental plates form volcanic arcs?

Answer 48

because collision occurs not subduction (thus mountains are made not volcanoes)

Question 49

compare and contrast a continental arc and island arc

Answer 49

both are from convergent subduction and both result in volcanic arcs continental arc forms when oceanic lithosphere subducts below continental lithosphere island arc forms when a more dense oceanic lithosphere subducts beneath a less dense oceanic lithosphere

Question 50

what is the andes an example of? (what type of plate movement)

Answer 50

convergent subduction (continental island arc which means continent and ocean subduction)

Question 51

islands of japan and aleutian islands in the bering sea are examples of what?

Answer 51

ocean island arc (oceanic-oceanic convergent subduction)

Question 52

what natural disaster does transform plate boundary result in? why?

Answer 52

earthquakes; pressure release

Question 53

where are transform plate boundary most common?

Answer 53

seafloor mid ocean ridges (rarely on dry land)

Question 54

true or false: transform plate boundary results in dramatic landforms

Answer 54

false: does not

Question 54

what is the san andreas fault an example of?

Answer 54

transform plate boundary

Question 55

is a hot spot formed from plate interaction?

Answer 55

no

Question 56

hotspots of ____ burst through ___ at fixed ____

Answer 56

magma, lithosphere, spots

Question 57

because of hot spots, what is made when the magma cools?

Answer 57

new land

Question 58

the hawaiian islands are created from a ______ ______

Answer 58

magma plume

Question 59

the hawaiian islands moves with which plate?

Answer 59

pacific

Question 60

iceland: mid atlantic ridge exposed, divergent plate boundary, and a ____ _____

Answer 60

hotspot plume