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Geography F24 > Chapter 3 Landforms > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Landforms Flashcards

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1
Q

Two processes that sculpt earth

A

Internal and External

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2
Q

Internal processes

A

movement of the entire continents (slow moving, hundreds of millions of years)

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3
Q

External processes

A

Weathering, erosion, and deposition (change the look/shape of landform over time)

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4
Q

what is the difference between magma and lava?

A

magma - melted rock below the surface of the crust

lava - magma that spills onto the surface of the earth

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5
Q

what does magma harden into? lava?

A

magma - basalt
lava - granite

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6
Q

the order of the layers of the earth (from the farthest down)

A

asthenosphere > lithosphere > crust (continental and oceanic)

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7
Q

Difference between continental and oceanic

A

continental - continents, granite, thicker and less dense, does not subduct

oceanic - oceans, basalt (volcanic), thinner, more dense, subducts

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8
Q

Which type of crust forms the newest rock?

A

oceanic

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9
Q

What is responsible for the movement of plates?

A

Asthenospheric convection

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10
Q

The ____ of solid rock allows ____ from hot mantle and and interior

A

plasticity, convection

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11
Q

convection is the movement of the

A

asthenosphere

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12
Q

movement of the asthenosphere results in movement of

A

the plates above

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13
Q

the asthenosphere allows for the movement of the ________

A

lithosphere

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14
Q

solid rock supporting earth’s crust and containing tectonic plates

A

lithosphere

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15
Q

the outermost layer of the lithosphere that sits on the moving plates and has landforms is called the

A

crust

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16
Q

lithosphere is fractured into how many primary plates?

A

seven (and several minor)

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17
Q

where lithospheric plates meet is known as the

A

plate boundary

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18
Q

what two things are plate interactions responsible for

A

landform creation and tectonic hazards

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19
Q

three plate boundary types

A

divergent, convergent, transform

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20
Q

when two plates move apart it is known as

A

divergent

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21
Q

when two plates move toward each other

A

convergent

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22
Q

where one plate slips laterally past another

A

transform

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23
Q

two types of divergent boundaries

A

continental rift and mid-ocean ridge (oceanic rift)

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24
Q

what is created at mid-ocean ridges?

A

new oceanic lithosphere

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25
Q

at mid ocean ridges is ____ rock

A

youngest

26
Q

oldest rock is found (closer/further) from oceanic rift/mid ocean ridges

A

further

27
Q

what is seafloor spreading

A

the process where new oceanic crust is formed at the ridge, spreads out, and pushes older crust away from the ridge

28
Q

continental rift will form a ____ , which will eventually form a _____, and then a _____

A

rift valley (african rift valley), new ocean basin (red sea), mature ocean (atlantic)

29
Q

what are among the largest bodies of freshwater in the world?

A

rift valley lake

30
Q

true or false: lake victoria is a rift lake

A

false, is not

31
Q

lake baikal is caused from what?

A

continental rift

32
Q

what is the deepest lake in the world?

A

lake baikal

33
Q

how old is lake baikal

A

25 million years old

34
Q

the red sea began as what?

A

rift valley

35
Q

what has continued the rift of the red sea?

A

sea floor spreading

36
Q

the rift valley of the red sea which led into seafloor spreading (oceanic rift) will eventually create what?

A

a new ocean basin

37
Q

continental crust > new ____ > ____ form > new _____

A

rift valley, volcanoes, ocean basin

38
Q

what is exposed in iceland?

A

the mid-atlantic ridge

39
Q

iceland is split by what?

A

divergent plate boundary

40
Q

three types of convergent boundary types

A

oceanic-oceanic (subduction)
oceanic-continental (subduction)
continental-continental (collision)

41
Q

what landforms are a result of subduction?

A

volcanoes, volcanic islands, mountains, ocean trenches

42
Q

what landforms are a result of collison?

A

tallest terrestrial mountains and plateaus

43
Q

the himalayan range is a result from what type of plate movement?

A

convergent collision

44
Q

the process of mountain building occurring from the collision, compression, and deformation of the earth’s crust when tectonic plates converge is called

A

orogeny

45
Q

the process by which oceanic lithosphere of one plate bends and dives into the mantle beneath another plate

A

subduction

46
Q

in oceanic-oceanic or oceanic/continental the ____ plate subducts

A

densest

47
Q

subduction “____” earth’s crust

A

recycles

48
Q

why won’t two continental plates form volcanic arcs?

A

because collision occurs not subduction (thus mountains are made not volcanoes)

49
Q

compare and contrast a continental arc and island arc

A

both are from convergent subduction and both result in volcanic arcs

continental arc forms when oceanic lithosphere subducts below continental lithosphere

island arc forms when a more dense oceanic lithosphere subducts beneath a less dense oceanic lithosphere

50
Q

what is the andes an example of? (what type of plate movement)

A

convergent subduction (continental island arc which means continent and ocean subduction)

51
Q

islands of japan and aleutian islands in the bering sea are examples of what?

A

ocean island arc (oceanic-oceanic convergent subduction)

52
Q

what natural disaster does transform plate boundary result in? why?

A

earthquakes; pressure release

53
Q

where are transform plate boundary most common?

A

seafloor mid ocean ridges (rarely on dry land)

54
Q

true or false: transform plate boundary results in dramatic landforms

A

false: does not

54
Q

what is the san andreas fault an example of?

A

transform plate boundary

55
Q

is a hot spot formed from plate interaction?

A

no

56
Q

hotspots of ____ burst through ___ at fixed ____

A

magma, lithosphere, spots

57
Q

because of hot spots, what is made when the magma cools?

A

new land

58
Q

the hawaiian islands are created from a ______ ______

A

magma plume

59
Q

the hawaiian islands moves with which plate?

A

pacific

60
Q

iceland: mid atlantic ridge exposed, divergent plate boundary, and a ____ _____

A

hotspot plume

Geography F24 (7 decks)

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