Chapter 3 Tectonic Forces

Question 1

two ways of reshaping Earth’s crust

Answer 1

diastrophism and volcanism

Question 2

what is the earth force that folds, faults, twists, and compresses rock called

Answer 2

diastrophism

Question 3

geohazards resulting from diatrophism

Answer 3

earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis

Question 4

plate boundary movements that result in diatrophism

Answer 4

convergent, divergent, and transform (all three)

Question 5

True or false: Diastrophism can only happen at a boundary

Answer 5

False: can happen on a plate

Question 6

Two examples of diatrophism

Answer 6

folding and faulting

Question 7

The earth force that transports magma and lava to (or toward) the surface of the earth

Answer 7

volcanism

Question 8

geohazards resulting from volcanism

Answer 8

volcanic eruptions and landslides (tsunamis can occur but are not as common)

Question 9

boundaries that cause volcanism

Answer 9

convergent subduction and divergent (NOT COLLISION AND TRANSFORM)

Question 10

Folding. What is it and what state was the rock in?

Answer 10

A bend or wrinkle in a rock resulting from compression and formed when the rock was in a plastic state.

Question 11

Three examples of landforms that resulted from folding

Answer 11

himalayas, andes, and alps

Question 12

Fault. What is it and what boundary types can it occur at?

Answer 12

break or fracture in rock along which movement has taken place; all boundary types

Question 13

Where is the ring of fire? What percentage of earthquakes occur there?

Answer 13

Pacific Ocean, 90 Percent

Question 14

Why are so many large cities located near volcanoes in central america?

Answer 14

the volcanic ash and rock create exceptionally fertile soil, making the surrounding areas ideal for agriculture, which in turn attracts large populations to settle and build cities in these regions

Question 15

The richter scale (earthquake magnitude scale) goes from what to what?

Answer 15

1 (micro) to 10 (great)

Question 16

what boundary types do earthquakes occur at?

Answer 16

all three (divergent, convergent, and transform)

Question 17

what boundary types do volcanoes occur at?

Answer 17

divergent, convergent, and hotspots

Question 18

volcanoes are located near ____

Answer 18

magma

Question 19

Ocean borders can be found where?

Answer 19

Subduction zones

Question 20

What percentage of volcanoes occur at the ring of fire? (remember 90 is earthquakes)

Answer 20

75 percent

Question 21

what are the three observations of volcanoes?

Answer 21

extinct, dormant, active

Question 22

name the volcano observation: no eruptions

Answer 22

extinct

Question 23

name the volcano observation: no eruptions in 10k years

Answer 23

dormant

Question 24

name the volcano observation: erupted within 10k years

Answer 24

active

Question 25

the greatest geohazard is what? give an example

Answer 25

active volcanoes kilauea, hawaii

Question 26

difference between shield volcanoes and composite volcanoes

Answer 26

shield - large broad slopes with fluid lava flow (large and fluid) composite = steep and symmetrical, explosive eruptions (steep and explosive)

Question 27

composite volcanoes are also known as

Answer 27

stratovolcanoes

Question 28

difference between low and high silica content

Answer 28

low - effusive (shield) high - explosive (strato)

Question 29

low silica content = low high silica content = high

Answer 29

viscosity

Question 30

a dome-shaped volcanoes that form when thick lava piles up around a volcanic vent and solidifies into a domed structure

Answer 30

lava domes

Question 31

a lava dome with low viscosity

Answer 31

low = effusive = dome pileup

Question 32

a lava dome with high viscosity

Answer 32

high = explosive = dome collapse

Question 33

a small, cone-shaped volcano consisting of pyroclasts that become existinc after a few years/decades and often form caldera (collapse of mouth of volcanoe)

Answer 33

cinder cones

Question 34

a broad, domed volcano formed from innumerable layers of ______ lava accumulated over tens to hundred of thousands of years

Answer 34

basaltic, shield

Question 35

largest volcanoes on earth

Answer 35

shield volcanoes

Question 36

effusive > ___ silica content > lava ____

Answer 36

low, flows

Question 37

large, potentially explosive cone-shaped (steep) volcano composed of alternating layers of lava and solid rock material ranging in size from ash to boulders (pyroclasts)

Answer 37

stratovolcanoes

Question 38

what is the difference between pyroclasts and volcanic ash?

Answer 38

pyroclasts- fragmented solid material ejected from a volcano (ranging from ash to boulders) volcanic ash - pulverized rock particles and solidified droplets of lava

Question 39

what is involved in a pyroclastic flow?

Answer 39

pyroclasts and volcanic ash

Question 40

how fast can a pyroclastic flow move?

Answer 40

more than 50 mph

Question 41

yellowstone is an example of a

Answer 41

hotspot

Question 42

how does a caldera form

Answer 42

lava extrudes into a chamber, gas expands and lava explodes, the magma chamber collapses and forms a caldera

Question 43

a large ocean wave generated by underwater earthquakes, landslides, and volcanoes

Answer 43

tsunami