CHAPTER 5 Flashcards
- The upstroke of a looping ascender.
WHIRL
- A writing weakness portrayed by irregular shaky strokes is described as ______
TREMOR
- slant stroke
SHANK
- long stroke
STEM
- the upright long downward stroke that is the trunk or stalk, normally seen in capital letters.
STEM OR SHANK
- Any major long downward stroke of a letter that is the long downward stroke of the letter “b”, “g”.
STAFF
- A short initial or terminal stroke.
SPUR
- Any part of a stroke which is super imposed upon the original stroke.
RETRACE/RETRACING
coming downward from the top to bottom will have a
RETRACE/RETRACING
any stroke which goes back over another writing stroke
RETRACE/RETRACING
In natural handwriting there may be instances in which the pen doubled back over the course.
RETRACE/RETRACING
Ex: vertical stroke of the letters “d”, “t”
RETRACE/RETRACING
-an interruption in a stroke caused by removing the writing instrument from the paper.
PEN LIFT
is common defect on forgeries.
CAREFUL PATCHING
- retouching or going back over a defective portion of a written stroke.
PATCHING
- a capital letter.
MAJUSCULE
- a small letter.
MINUSCULE
–circle line structure
LOOP
may be blind or open.
LOOP
- A oblong curve such as found on the small letter “f”, “g”, “I” and letters stroke “P” has two.
LOOP
A ________ is usually the result of the ink having filled the open space.
blind loop
-usually applicable to fountain pen
KNOB
-the extra deposit of ink in the initial and terminal stroke due to the slow withdrawal of the pen from the paper
KNOB
- Upper portion of its letter “m”,”n”,”h”,”k”
HUMP/SHOULDER
- the rounded outside of the top of the bend stroke or curve in small letter.
HUMP/SHOULDER
-It also sometimes occurs at the beginning of an initial stroke.
HOOK
- It is a minute curve or a ankle which often occurs at the end of the terminal strokes.
HOOK
–it came from the term talon
HOOK
-In small letter “w” the initial curve is the ___
HOOK
-The terminal curves of the letters “a”, “d”, “n”, “m”, “p”, “u”, is the __
HOOK
the minute involuntary ____ like formation found at the commencement of an initial up stroke or the end terminal stroke.
talon
the minute involuntary talon like formation found at the commencement of an initial up stroke or the end terminal stroke.
HOOK
- a gap occurring between a continuous stroke without lifting the pen.
-Such as occurrence usually occurs due to speed;
HIATUS/PEN JUMP
-may be regarded also as a special form of pen lift distinguish in a ball gaps in that of perceptible gaps and appear in the writing.
HIATUS/PEN JUMP
- the term applied to the irregular thickening of ink which is found when writing slows down or stop while the pen take a stock of the position.
HESITATION
- lower part which rest on the base line.
FOOT
-The small letter “m” has three feet, and the small letter “n” has two feet.
FOOT
- a small loop or curved formed inside the letters.
EYE/EYELET/EYELOOP
–loop within a loop
EYE/EYELET/EYELOOP
-This may occur inside the oval of the letters “a, d, o”;
EYE/EYELET/EYELOOP
the small loop form by stroke that extend in divergent direction as in small letters.
EYE/EYELET/EYELOOP
-an element added to complete a certain letter, either a cross bar or a dot.
DIACRITIC
-The matters of the Indian script are also known as
DIACRITIC SIGNS;
- “t” crossing and dots of the letter “i” and “j”.
DIACRITIC
-The portion of a letter that falls below the baseline of a typeface, not including optical adjustments.
DESCENDER
- opposite of ascender, the lower portion of a letter.
DESCENDER
–this term came from the Kallikak Theory
CALLIGRAPHY
- the art of beautiful writing.
CALLIGRAPHY
- bad
KAKOS
- beauty
KALLOS
- a bad writing.
CACOGRAPHY
- A loop made as a flourished which is added to the letters, as in small letter “k & b”, or in capital letters “A”, “K”,”P”;
BUCKLE/BUCKLEKNOT
-the horizontal end loop stroke that are often used to complete a letter.
BUCKLE/BUCKLEKNOT
Ex: the oval of the letter “O” is the body, minus the downward stroke and the loop.
BODY
- The main portion of the letter, minus the initial of strokes, terminal strokes and the diacritic, of any.
BODY
- fading of the end of the letter
VANISHING
- the beginning and ending stroke of a letter (without hesitation).
BLUNT
- is the rudimentary initial up stroke of a letter.
BEARD
- maybe actually on a ruled paper, it might be imaginary alignment of writing;
BASELINE
- Preliminary embellished initial stroke which usually occurs in capital letters.
BEADED
–loop before the initial stroke
BEADED
-is the ruled or imaginary line upon which the writing rests.
BASELINE
-Or any arcade form in the body of a letter found in small letters which contain _____
ARC/ARCHES
-a curved formed inside the top curve of loop as in small letters “h”, “m”, “n”, & “p”.
ARC/ARCHES
-The portion of a lowercase letter above the x-height of a typeface.
ASCENDER
- is the top portion of a letter or upper loop.
ASCENDER
-It is one means of disguise.
WRONG-HANDED WRITING/ LEFT HANDED WRITING
-a.k.a. as “WITH THE AWKWARD HAND.”
WRONG-HANDED WRITING/ LEFT HANDED WRITING
- Any writing executed with the opposite hand that normally used;
WRONG-HANDED WRITING/ LEFT HANDED WRITING
A presence of variation is
FORGED
- The act or process of changing.
VARIATION
–differs depending on the culture
SYSTEM (OF WRITING)
-See also copy book.
SYSTEM (OF WRITING)
-Not everyone writes at the same rate so that consideration of the _________ may be a significant identifying element.
SPEED (SPEEDY) WRITING
___________ cannot be measured precisely from the finished handwriting but can be interpreted in broad terms of slow, moderate, or rapid.
SPEED (SPEEDY) WRITING
-Writing through use diverges from the system, but generally retains some influence of the basic training.
SYSTEM (OF WRITING)
- The combination of the basic design of letters and the writing movement as taught in school make up the ______
SYSTEM (OF WRITING)
- slope to the left
NEGATIVE SLOPE
- slope to the right
POSITIVE SLOPE
-There are three classes: SLANT TO THE LEFT; SLANT TO THE RIGHT; AND VERTICAL SLANT.
SLOPE/SLANT
- the angle or inclination of the axis of the letters relative to the baseline.
SLOPE/SLANT
- In any set there are relative degrees, ability, or skill and a specimen of handwriting usually contains evidence of the writer’s proficiency; degree, ability, or skill of a write proficiency.
SKILL
SLOPE/SLANT three classes:
SLANT TO THE LEFT; SLANT TO THE RIGHT; AND VERTICAL SLANT.
- May refer to the overall size of the writing
SIZE
the proportions between zones.
SIZE
- Eliminating extra or superfluous strokes from the copybook model.
SIMPLIFICATION
- Any characteristic of handwriting that is sufficiently uncommon and well-fixed to serve as a fundamental point in the identification.
SIGNIFICANT WRITING HABIT
- Is the widening of the ink strokes due to the added pressure on a flexible pen point or to the use of a stub pen.
SHADING
–stub pen is
FOUNTAIN PEN
-Periodicity, alternation of movement.
RHYTHM
-It may be classed as smooth, intermittent, or jerky in its quality; the flourishing succession of motion which are recorded in a written record.
RHYTHM
_____is used in describing handwriting to refer to any identifying factor that is related to the writing movement itself.
QUALITY
- A distinct or peculiar character.
QUALITY
- examination of letters to letters
RATIO
- The element of the writing movement which is marked by regular or periodic recurrences.
RHYTHM
- examination of the same letters
PROPORTION
- A creative combination of printing and cursive writing.
PRINTSCRIPT
- the relation between the tall and the short letter is referred as to ________
RATIO
- It is an important element in handwriting.
MOVEMENT
-These are normal or usual deviations found between repeated specimens of any individual handwriting.
NATURAL VARIATION/ GENUINE VARIATION
-It embraces all the factors which are related to the motion of the writing instrument skill, speed freedom, hesitation, rhythm, emphasis, tremors and the like.
MOVEMENT
- Any specimen of writing executed normally without any attempt to control or alter its identifying habits and its usual quality or execution.
NATURAL WRITING
- Any study or examination which is made with the microscope in other to discover minute details.
MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION
-The manner in which the writing instrument is move that is by finger, hand, forearm or whole arm.
MOVEMENT
- The amount of space left around the writing on all four sides.
MARGINS
-This type of writing is taught in young children in elementary schools as the first step in learning to write.
MANUSCRIPT WRITING
