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FORESIC 2 > CHAPTER 5 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 5 Flashcards

1
Q
  • this refers to the points of the tails in the formation of the pattern
A

RIDGE CHARACTERISTICS

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2
Q

REASONS WHY FINGERPRINT IS ONE OF THE MOST INFALLIBLE MEANS OF PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION?

A

1) Fingerprints are already formed 3 to 4 months of intra-uterine life and will remain unchanged through out life until decomposition of the body sets

2) The patterns formed by the papillary ridges contains peculiar characteristics upon which a person can always be identified

3) Almost every police and law enforcement agencies through out the world accept, adopt and utilize the fingerprint system as a means of absolute identification of a person

4) The court and other authorities had taken cognizance of its importance and reliability as a means of identification.

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2
Q
  • Is a kind of ridge formation that curves back in the direction from which it started.
A

RECURVING RIDGE

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2
Q

-Sometimes referred as looping ridge.

A

RECURVING RIDGE

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3
Q
  • Are two ridges running side by side and suddenly separating, one ridge going one way and the other ridge going another way.
A

DIVERGING RIDGE

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4
Q

-A ridge whose close end is angular and serve as a point of convergence pointed and abrupt.

A

CONVERGING RIDGE

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4
Q
  • Two or more lines forming an angle.
A

CONVERGING RIDGE

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5
Q
  • The point at which one ridge divides into three ridges
A

TRIFURCATION

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6
Q
  • A single friction ridge that terminates within the friction ridge structure.
A

ENDING RIDGE

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7
Q
  • A point where two ridge units intersect.
A

RIDGE CROSSING

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8
Q
  • Is a single ridge which splits into two ridges forming a Y shape structure.
A

BIFURCATION OR BIFURCATING RIDGE

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9
Q
  • A short ridge on top or summit of a recurving ridge usually at right angle.
A

APPENDAGE

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10
Q

-is a single ridge in the center of a recurving ridge of a loop pattern.

A

ROD OR BAR

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11
Q
  • Is a single recurving ridge enclosing one or more rods or bars.
A

ENVELOP

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12
Q
  • is a bifurcation which does not remain open but which the leg of the bifurcation, after running along side by side for short distance, came together again to form a single ridge once more.
A

ENCLOSURE

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13
Q
  • Fragmentary ridges formed by a dot or series of dots, which resembles appoint.
A

DOT OR SERIES OF DOTS

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14
Q

A bifurcation with one short ridge branching off a longer ridge

A

SPURS (HOOK)

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15
Q
  • Fragmentary ridges formed by short or series of short ridges.
A

SHORT OR SERIES OF SHORT RIDGES

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16
Q

A connecting friction ridge between parallel running ridges, generally right angles

A

BRIDGE/S

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17
Q

-These are basic boundaries of all fingerprint patterns.

A

TYPELINES

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18
Q

-They are formed with ridges which run parallel, then diverge or separate tending to surround the pattern area.

A

TYPELINES

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19
Q
  • Is a part of fingerprint which lies within the area surrounded by the type lines.
A

PATTERN AREA

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20
Q
  • are the raised strips of the skin on the end joints of our fingers and thumbs, by which fingerprints are made.
A

FRICTION RIDGES/PAPILLARY/EPIDERMAL RIDGES

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21
Q
  • are depressions or canal-like between the ridges which maybe compared with the low area in a tire tread.
A

FURROWS

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22
Q

-opening at the ridge surface.

A

PORES

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23
Q
  • a kind of ridge which is madly formed, thin, short or broken which appear or appears in the depressions between two well-formed ridges
A

INCIPIENT OR NASCENT RIDGES

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24
Q

-unusual type of ridges found in small percentage of patterns; short, narrow and badly formed ridges found between two well-formed and full-bodied ridges

A

INCIPIENT OR NASCENT RIDGES

25
Q
  • within the pattern area of the loops and whorls are enclosed the core and delta referred to as the focal points.
A

FOCAL POINTS

26
Q
  • A point on a ridge at, or in front of, or nearest to the center of, the divergence of type lines.
A

DELTA

26
Q
  • the central point of convergence of the pattern of approximate center of the pattern
A

CORE

27
Q
  • are impressions in a pattern area where the ridges enter on one side of the impression and exit on the other side with a wave or rise in the center.
A

ARCH-5% (Plain and Tented)

28
Q

A. GENERAL TYPE OF PATTERNS

A
  1. ARCH
  2. LOOPS
  3. WHORLS
29
Q
  • are type of patterns in which one or more of the ridges enter on either side of the impression, recurve, touch or pass an imaginary line drawn from the delta to the core and terminate toward the same side of the impression where it originally entered.
A

LOOPS - 60%-65% (Ulnar and Radial)

30
Q
  • are types of pattern in which at least with two deltas present.
A

WHORLS - 30% - 35% (Plain, Double Loop, Central Pocket Loop and Accidental)

31
Q
  • is that point on a ridge at or nearest the point of divergence of two typelines and located at or directly in front of the point of divergence
A

DELTA

32
Q

RULES GOVERNING THE SELECTION OF DELTA

A
  1. The Delta may not be located at a bifurcation, which does not open towards the core;
  2. When there is a choice between a bifurcation and another type of delta, the bifurcation is selected;
  3. When there are two or more possible deltas, which definition, the one nearest to the core is chosen;
  4. The Delta may not be located in the middle of the ridge running between the type lines towards the core, but at the nearest end only.
33
Q

RULES GOVERNING THE SELECTION OF CORE

A
  1. The core is placed upon or within the innermost sufficient recurve;
  2. When the innermost sufficient recurve contains no ending ridge or rod rising as high as the shoulders of the loop, the core is placed on the shoulder of the loop farther from the delta;
  3. When the innermost sufficient recurve contains an uneven number of rods rising as high as the shoulders, the core is placed upon the end of the center rod whether it touches the looping ridge or not; (odd- 1,3,5,7..)
  4. When the innermost sufficient recurve contains an even number of rods rising as high as the shoulders, the core is placed upon the end of the farther one of the two center rods, the two center rods being treated as though they were connected by a recurving ridge. (even- 2,4,6,8..)
34
Q

it refers to the naming one fingerprint pattern

A

PATTERN INTERPRETATION

35
Q

TYPE OF ARCHES:

A
  1. PLAIN ARCH (60%)
  2. TENTED ARCH (40%)
36
Q

-The pattern in which one or more of the ridges enter on either side of the impression, recurve, touch or pass upon an imaginary line drawn from the delta to the core - and terminate or tend to terminate in or toward the same side of the impression from where such ridge or ridges enter.

A

LOOPS

37
Q

-the fingerprint pattern in which the ridges enter on one side of the impression then flow out on the other side with a rise or wave in the center.

A

TENTED ARCH (40%)

38
Q

REQUISITES OF A LOOP PATTERN:

A

✓ it must have a delta and a core
✓ it must have a ridge count of at least one;
✓ it must have a sufficient recurve or recurving ridge that passes an imaginary line between the delta and the core

39
Q

✓ derived its name from the radius bone of the forearm;

A

RADIAL LOOP (R)- 6%

39
Q

-The process of counting the ridges intervening between the delta and the core.

-Neither the delta nor the core is counted when an imaginary line is drawn connecting them.

A

RIDGE COUNTING

39
Q

TYPES OF LOOP PATTERN

A
  1. RADIAL LOOP (R)- 6%
  2. ULNAR LOOP (U)- 94%
40
Q

✓ it is a type of pattern in which the ridges run its direction towards the radius bone or thumb.

A

RADIAL LOOP (R)- 6%

41
Q

✓ type of pattern in which the ridges flow toward the ulna bone or little finger.

A

ULNAR LOOP (U)- 94%

42
Q

When a loop enters and exits from the THUMB side of the hand, the pattern will always be a

A

Radial Loop.”

43
Q

When a loop enters and exits from the PINKY finger, the pattern will always be an

A

“Ulnar Loop.”

44
Q
  • are types of pattern in which at least with two deltas present.
A

WHORLS

45
Q

TYPES OF WHORLS

A

PLAIN WHORL (71%)
CENTRAL POCKET LOOP WHORL (13%)
DOUBLE LOOP WHORL (13%)
ACCIDENTAL LOOP WHORL (3%)

46
Q

✓ The simplest form of whorl construction and is the most common of all types of whorl.

A

PLAIN WHORL (71%)

46
Q

✓ A fingerprint pattern, which has two deltas and at least NO ridge making a complete circuit, which may be spiral, oval, circular or any variant of a circle DO NOT touch or cross the imaginary line connecting the two deltas.

A

CENTRAL POCKET LOOP WHORL (13%)

47
Q

✓ It is a fingerprint pattern, which has two deltas and at least one ridge making a complete circuit in the form of a spiral, oval, circular or any variant of a circle MUST touch or cross the imaginary line drawn between the two deltas.

A

PLAIN WHORL (71%)

48
Q

✓ It is called a composite or transitional pattern because it is made up of two patterns in one, a whorl inside a loop.

A

CENTRAL POCKET LOOP WHORL (13%)

49
Q

✓ Consist of two separate and distinct loop formations, with two sets of shoulders and two deltas (YINYANG)

A

DOUBLE LOOP WHORL (13%)

50
Q

✓ One of the loops surrounds or overlaps the other and also called composite pattern, like the central pocket loop whorl.

A

DOUBLE LOOP WHORL (13%)

51
Q

✓ It is a pattern consisting of a combination of two or more different types of pattern.

A

ACCIDENTAL LOOP WHORL (3%)

52
Q

✓ Ridge traced inside is three or more -

✓ Ridge traced outside is three or more-

✓ Ridge traced inside/outside is two or less -

A

Inner or “I”

Outer or “O”

Meeting

53
Q

-When the deltas have been located, the ridge emanating from the lower side or point of the extreme left delta is traced until the point nearest or opposite the extreme right delta is reached. The number of ridges intervening between the tracing ridge and the right delta are then counted.

A

WHORL TRACING

54
Q

-It refers to the impressions of the finger bulbs with the use of the fingerprint ink on the surface of the paper through any coloring materials, which will produce visibility.

A

REAL IMPRESSIONS

55
Q

TWO METHODS OF PRODUCING IMPRESSIONS:

A

a. ROLLED IMPRESSIONS
b. PLAIN IMPRESSIONS

56
Q
  • requires that the thumb be rolled towards and the four other fingers are rolled away from the subject’s body.
A

ROLLED IMPRESSIONS

56
Q
  • requires that the fingers be taken or printed simultaneously, then the thumbs without rolling.
A

PLAIN IMPRESSIONS

57
Q

PURPOSE OF THE PLAIN IMPRESSION

A
  1. To serve as a guide in checking the rolled impression, whether or not the rolled impression were properly place on their respective boxes.
  2. To check the minute details of the ridge characteristics for purposes of classification and identification

FORESIC 2 (6 decks)

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