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FORESIC 2 > CHAPTER 4 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 4 Flashcards

1
Q

COMPOSITION OF FINGERPRINTS:

A

DERMIS
EPIDERMIS

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2
Q
  • inner layer
  • outer layer
A

DERMIS
EPIDERMIS

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3
Q

the selection of best breeding stock to develop superior strains of humans) by Francis Galton (1892)

A

EUGENICS

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4
Q

clinical medicine by

A

Harold Cummins

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5
Q

value of friction ridge prints in the field of criminal identification by (1880)

A

Henry Faulds

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5
Q

-The largest organ of the human body.

A

SKIN

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6
Q

-It is approximately 15 to 20% of our body weight and occupying almost 2 sq. m. (18 sq. ft.) of surface area.

A

SKIN

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7
Q

that covers most our body is relatively smooth, except palmar side of the hands, and in the plantar side of the feet.

A

SKIN

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7
Q

-Such skin is called as

A

VOLAR SKIN OR FRICTION RIDGE SKIN.

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7
Q

-It is only 0.8 sq.m. and it’s the thickest

A

SKIN

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8
Q

is located in the palm and plantar or sole of our foot

A

FRICTION SKIN

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8
Q

on the entire surface of the palm, but not just at the ends of the fingers

A

FRICTION RIDGED SKIN

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9
Q

and not just the hands, _____ on the entire sole of the feet

A

FRICTION RIDGED SKIN

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9
Q
  • subsurface structure of frictions skin
A

Principle of Permanency

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10
Q
  • prenatal development of friction ridges
A

Principle of Uniqueness

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11
Q

According to _______ there will be two fingers exactly alike or duplicated kapag umabot ng 64B or 3 TRILLION

A

EDMUND LOCARD and FRANCIS GALTON,

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12
Q

is the characteristics of the ridge

A

Minutiae

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13
Q

THREE (3) LEVELS OF UNIQUENESS OF MATURE FRICTION SKIN

A

LEVEL 1
LEVEL 2
LEVEL 3

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14
Q

is the overall pattern configuration, the general ridge flow tendencies and the general morphology (size and presence of incipient ridges) exhibited by the friction ridge impression.

A

LEVEL 1

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15
Q

refers to the type and position of minutiae, points or ridge characteristics including their morphology (size and shape) which are a unique formation

A

LEVEL 2

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16
Q
  • As existing ridges separate, a demand for new ridges is created because the surface has a tendency to be continually ridge

-ridges increase in size and become mature

A

MECHANICAL FUSION THEORY

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17
Q

includes all dimensional attributes of a ridge, such as ridge path deviation, width, shape, pores, edge contour, incipient ridges, breaks, creases, scars and other permanent details.

A

LEVEL 3

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18
Q

is the first ridge formation

A

DELTA

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19
Q

In 1933, _____ had attempted to file down the small ridges on his fingers, but he ultimately failed;

A

“HANDSOME JACK” KLUTAS

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20
Q

decided to remove their fingerprints as well, so they hired mob physician Joseph P. Moran to do the job. Moran was inexperienced in this procedure and repeatedly hacked and knifed at their prints until the gangsters couldn’t bear any more pain, but when their fingers finally healed, the fingerprint ridges grew back to their original patterns (https://www.crimemuseum.org/2009/05/18/john-dillinger-fingerprint-obliteration/).

A

KATE “MA” BARKER’S, ALVIN “CREEPY” KARPIS AND MA’S SON FREDDY

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21
Q

US notorious public enemy No. 1, who tried to remove his fingerprints with acid but failed. Post-mortem fingerprints taken after he was shot by FBI agents proved that he was Dillinger; and

A

JOHN DILLINGER

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22
Q

is claimed as the man without fingerprints knowing form an inmate of a possible destruction of fingerprints. He contacted a doctor. He removed the skin up to the generative layer and served thin into incisions on each side of Pitt’s chest. Scar tissue was developed. Almost a year later, he was picked up and police was amazed to find that he had no fingerprints. The Texas Department of Public Safety was able to affect an identification out of the second joints of his fingers. He is also known by the Name Roscoe Pitts.

A

ROBERT JAMES PITTS

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23
Q

separates the epidermis and dermis

A

BASEMENT MEMBRANE

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24
Q

is strongly attached to the Basement Membrane Zone (BMZ) through a hemi desmosome and small fibers.

A

basal layer cells

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25
Q

THE STEPS IN FINGERPRINT EXAMINATION (ACE-V METHOD)

A

✓ ANALYSIS
✓ COMPARISON
✓ EVALUATION
✓ VERIFICATION

25
Q
  • The unknown area of friction ridge structure (latent prints) must be examined. The specific area of finger, palm or sole of the foot suspected of making the impression is determined. The clarity of the impression and the variety of details present are established.
A

ANALYSIS

26
Q
  • fingerprints found at the crime scene
A

LATENT PRINTS

26
Q
  • The friction ridge structure is then compared to the exemplars.
A

COMPARISON

27
Q
  • Similarities or dissimilarities present in the ridge structure will each have specific value toward establishing the individuality of the area of friction ridge structure.
A

EVALUATION

27
Q
  • The opinion of the forensic identification examiner must be verified by another examiner (re-examination or REDO)
A

VERIFICATION

28
Q
  • Introduced in Canada for physical evidence
A

1959

29
Q

will lead to the suspect, to link at the suspect

A

ASSOCIATIVE EVIDENCE

29
Q

3 KINDS OF EVIDENCE

A
  1. TRACING EVIDENCE
  2. ASSOCIATIVE EVIDENCE
  3. CORPUS DELICTI
30
Q

RCMP for Questioned Document Examination

A

ROY A. HUBER

31
Q
  • Introduced for friction ridge detail
A

1980

32
Q

RCMP for Friction Ridge Identification

A

DAVID ASHBAUGH

33
Q
  • version of David Ashbaugh, RCMP
A

PHACE

34
Q

PHACE MEANING

A

(Problem, Hypothesis/ Counterhypothesis, Analysis, Comparison, Evaluation)

35
Q
  • 1980s published in the JFI, JFS, Identification Canada, Fingerprint Whorld
A

ACE-V

36
Q

Adopted by FBI-

A

SCIENTIFIC WORKING GROUP ON FRICTION RIDGE ANALYSIS, STUDY, AND TECHNOLOGY (SWGFAST) 2002

37
Q

First mentioned in the court of ____, 1999 (The Trial of the Century on Fingerprints) under the “Daubert Challenge”

A

US V. BYRON MITCHELL

38
Q

-A standard-setting organization for the forensic friction ridge impression examination.

A

SCIENTIFIC WORKING GROUP ON FRICTION RIDGE ANALYSIS, STUDY, AND TECHNOLOGY (SWGFAST)

39
Q

SCIENTIFIC PROCESS

A
  • Observation = Analysis
  • Hypothesis testing/ Experiment = Comparison
  • Conclusion = Evaluation
  • Peer review = Verification
40
Q

analysis is to be carried out in isolation, without referring to the known impression.

A

Latent print

41
Q
  • center of the fingerprint pattern
A

CORE

42
Q

-the process of dividing the fingerprints by type and characteristics according to their pattern and transforming them into a formula for easy filing and future reference

A

CLASSIFICATION

42
Q

3 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FINGERPRINTS/ MAIN FAMILY

A

ARCHES (tented and plain arch)
LOOPS (radial and ulnar)
WHORLS (plain whorl, double loop, central pocket loop and accidental)

43
Q

-the comparing of fingerprints of fingerprints of a suspect with any latent obtained at the scene of the crime to determine whether an identification can be made

A

IDENTIFICATION OR COMPARISON

43
Q

PROCEDURES ON FINGERPRINT COMPARISON AND IDENTIFICATION

A
  1. PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
  2. EXAMINATION PROPER
  3. PHOTOGRAPH EXAMINATION
44
Q
  • sufficient ridge details
A

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

45
Q

comparison of question and standard fingerprints or latent prints

A

EXAMINATION PROPER

46
Q

–process of enlarged the prints

A

PHOTOGRAPH EXAMINATION

47
Q

believes that identity can be established in lower number of guidelines as laid down by the famous French Criminalist and the “Father of Poroscopy.”

A

EDMOND LOCARD

48
Q

WHAT IS THE NUMBER OF RIDGE CHARACTERISTICS AS A BASIS OF ABSOLUTE IDENTITY?

A

There is NO national or international rule or laws that fix the number of ridge characteristics

48
Q

REQUIRED NUMBER OF CONGRUENT RIDGE DETAILS TO ESTABLISH ADMISSIBILITY

A

PHILIPPINES-10-12
USA-12-14
UK-14-16

49
Q

GUIDELINES OF RIDGE CHARACTERISTICS

A

A. CLEARNESS OF THE PATTERN
B. RARITY OF THE TYPE
C. PRESENCE OF CORE AND DELTA IN DECIPHERABLE PART.
D. PRESENCE OF PORES
E. THE PERFECT AND CLEAR IDENTITY OF THE WIDTH OF THE RIDGES AND FURROWS, OF DIRECTION OF THE LINES.

49
Q

first court to pass upon the admissibility of fingerprint as evidence.

A

Illinois Appellate Court

50
Q

The US Supreme Court passed upon the admissibility of fingerprint evidence stating that persons experience on the matter of fingerprint identification may give their opinion; and further said, “there being no question as to the accuracy or authenticity of the photographs on how fingerprints were collected, the weight shall be given to the testimony of experts and in issue thereto shall be resolved by the jury.”

A

PEOPLE VS. JENNINGS, Illinois (1911)

51
Q

-were the first men to be convicted in Britain for murder based on fingerprint evidence.

A

Alfred Edward Stratton (1882-1905) and his brother Albert Ermest Stratton (1884-1905)

52
Q

-They were both executed at 9 am on 23 May 1905 at HM Prison Wandsworth. The case, otherwise known as the Mask Murders (due to the black stocking-top masks that had been left at the scene of the crime), the Deptford Murders (due to the location) or the Farrow Murders (the last name of the victims), was one of the earliest convictions using forensic science (https://en.wikipedia.org/wüd/Stratton_Brothers case-ext-Alfred Edward Stratton (18 82-1905,1905 HM Prison Wandsworth).

A

Alfred Edward Stratton (1882-1905) and his brother Albert Ermest Stratton (1884-1905)

53
Q

-This is the first leading judicial decision in Philippines Jurisprudence on the Science of Fingerprint.

A

PEOPLE VS. MEDINA

54
Q

-The Supreme Court held, “that evidence as to the correspondence of fingerprints is admissible for the purpose of identity. That although a portion of the impression on the box was somewhat blurred, it did not seriously interfere with the comparison of the two fingerprints.

A

PEOPLE VS. MEDINA

55
Q

-It is a settled rule that where the collection of evidence is not in question, the admissibility is lodged with the court

A

PEOPLE VS. MEDINA

56
Q

CAN FINGERPRINT BE DESTROYED?

A

No, as long as the dermis of the bulbs of the fingers is not completely destroyed, the fingerprints will always remain unchanged and indestructible

57
Q

CAN FINGERPRINTS BE EFFACED (ERASED)?

A

No, as long as the dermis of the bulbs of the fingers is not completely destroyed, the fingerprints will always remain unchanged and indestructible

58
Q

CAN FINGERPRINTS BE FORGED?

A

there is no case on record known or had been written that forgery of fingerprints has been a complete success.

59
Q

ARE FINGERPRINTS INHERITED?

A

The general shape or overall pattern of fingers and palms can be inherited. Family members will often have similar patterns or designs on the same fingers of their hands.

The tiny details in the fingerprints, ridges, however, ARE NOT inherited and is different between all friction skin areas of all persons even between twins.

60
Q

-While under investigation, not to be fingerprinted or photographed in a humiliating and degrading manner

A

CHILD IN CONFLICT WITH THE LAW

FORESIC 2 (6 decks)

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