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Perception- Class Notes > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is computer vision? (Object recognition)

A

Detecting objects based on stored representations

Ex. Vehicles, cell phones (face ID)

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2
Q

Problem with computer vision?

A

Often struggle with vague/ degraded/ odd images and scenes

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3
Q

What is the inverse projection problem?

A

Image on a retina can be any object

Computers often fall for this

We don’t cuz our brain interprets what we see

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4
Q

What is viewpoint invariance?

A

The ability to recognize an object regardless of the viewpoint
Hard for computers

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5
Q

What is perceptual organizations? (Wundt)

A

Perception is combining sensations

Grouping visual elements together (organization) so that you can determine the meaning of a whole (perception)

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6
Q

Can structuralism explain apparent movement?

A

No

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7
Q

Explain the three Gestalt approaches to perceptual grouping (structuralism, apparent movement, illusory contours)

A

Structuralism: distinguished between sensations and perception

Apparent movement: illusion of movement

Illusory contours: look real but don’t have physical edge (weird triangle illusion)

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8
Q

Explain the Gestalt approach to grouping (Good continuation)

A

Connected points resulting in straight / smooth curves belonging together

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9
Q

Explain the Gestalt approach to grouping (Pragnz)

A

Each stimulus is seen as simply as possible

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10
Q

Explain the Gestalt approach to grouping (Similarity)

A

Similar things are grouped together

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11
Q

Explain the Gestalt approach to grouping (Proximity)

A

Close things are grouped

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12
Q

Explain the Gestalt approach to grouping (Common fate)

A

Things moving in the same direction are grouped

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13
Q

Explain the Gestalt approach to grouping (Common Region)

A

Elements in same region are grouped

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14
Q

Explain the Gestalt approach to grouping (Uniform connectedness)

A

Connected region of visual properties are perceived as a single unit

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15
Q

What is figure ground segregation?

A

What is figure and what is background

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16
Q

What are some of the properties of the figure and ground?

A

-figure is thinglike
-figure in front
-figure has contour/ lineart
-figure is usually in lower area

-ground goes behind

17
Q

Explain how we determine which is the figure? (Meaningfulness and recognition by components)

A

Meaningfulness: if figure is meaningful it’s easier to see (human silhouette)

Recognition by components: objects are split in basic shapes (geons)
Issues:
-doesn’t explain grouping
-doesn’t count distinguishing mugs

18
Q

What is a scene?

A
  1. Background elements (acted within)
  2. Objects in meaningful way (acted upon)
19
Q

How long to perceive the gist of a scene?

A

250 Ms

90% accuracy

20
Q

How can we Perceive the gist of a scene so quickly?

A

-naturalness
-openness
-roughness
-expansion
-colour

21
Q

How do we use properties of the environment to identify scenes?

A

Blue usually equals open sky / ocean

Green usually equals landscapes

Vertical / horizontals usually equal buildings

22
Q

Explain physical regularities?

A

Regularly occurring physical properties of the environment (natural and human made)

23
Q

What are semantic regularities and scene schemas?

A

You’d expect a knife in the kitchen not a car

24
Q

What is the likelihood principle?

A

Perceive and object that us most likely to have caused the stimulation

25
Q

What is an unconscious inference?

A

Our perceptions are results of unconscious assumptions we make about the environment

26
Q

What is Bayesian inference?

A

We perceive what us most likely (probability wise)

27
Q

What is predictive coding?

A

Our brain uses past experiences to predict what we will perceive
If incorrect it will send a prediction error signal

28
Q

What does the lateral occipital complex do?

A

Activates when you view an object

29
Q

What is propagnosia ?

A

Difficulty recognizing the faces of familiar people

30
Q

What does the extrastriate body area do?

A

Pictures / parts of bodies

31
Q

What does the parahippocampal place area do?

A

Shape of space in layout features

32
Q

What is binocular rivalry?

A

Using the two eyes to see what part of brain reacts to what

(Ex. Faces or places)

Perception- Class Notes (7 decks)

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