Chapter 11

Question 1

Explain the two definitions of sound?

Answer 1

1. Physical= air vibrations
2. Perceptual = experience we have when we hear

Question 2

What is a pure tone?

Answer 2

Created by a sin wave

Question 3

What is amplitude?

Answer 3

High and low peaks of wave
DB
Loudness

Question 4

What is frequency?

Answer 4

Cycles in each time period
HZ
Pitch

Question 5

What is fundamental frequency?

Answer 5

Repetition rate (first harmonic)

Question 6

What are periodic completion tones?

Answer 6

Several pure tones called harmonics

Question 7

What are additional harmonics?

Answer 7

Multiples of the fundamental frequency

Question 8

What is additive synthesis?

Answer 8

Adding harmonics to create complex sounds

Question 9

What is frequency spectrum?

Answer 9

Display of harmonics of a complex sound

Question 10

What is the human hearing range?

Answer 10

20-20,000 HZ

Question 11

What is the audibility curve?

Answer 11

Threshold of hearing in relation to frequency

(Most sensitive: 2,000 - 4,000)

Question 12

What is the auditory response area?

Answer 12

Between audibly curve and threshold for feeling

Range of response for human audition

Question 13

What is pitch?

Answer 13

High or low sound

Question 14

What is timbre?

Answer 14

Most other aspects of sound

(Besides: loudness, pitch and duration)

Question 15

What is periodicity pitch?

Answer 15

Remove first harmonic results in sound with same perceived pitch but diff timbre

Question 16

What is attack of tones?

Answer 16

Buildup of sound at beginning on tone

Question 17

What is decay of tones?

Answer 17

Decrease in sound at end of tone

Question 18

What in the outer ear?

Answer 18

Pinna
Auditory canal

Question 19

What’s in the middle ear?

Answer 19

Three ossicles
-malleus
-incus
-stapes

Question 20

What do the ossicles do?

Answer 20

Amplify sound

Question 21

What is the tonotopic map?

Answer 21

Different pitches across cochlea

Works like a filter

Question 22

What is the place theory?

Answer 22

Relation between sound and frequency and place along basilar membrane

Question 23

What is phase locking?

Answer 23

“Locked in phase” with wave

Neuron’s fire at near peak of sin wave

Question 24

What is resolved vs unresolved harmonics?

Answer 24

Resolved: low frequency, good filter

Unresolved: high frequency, hard for brain to decipher

Question 25

What is the path to the brain?

Answer 25

1. Sonic MG
   -SON: superior oilvary nucleus
   -IC: Inferior Colliculus
   -MG: Medial Geniculate Nucleus
2. Core area
3. Belt area
4. Parables area

Question 26

What is presbycusis?

Answer 26

Loss of hearing at high frequency

Cuz damaging noise/ drugs

Question 27

What is noise induced hearing loss?

Answer 27

Loud noise can severely dmg organ of Corti

Leisure noise can also cause hearing loss

Question 28

What do cochlear implants do?

Answer 28

Electrodes are inserted to cochlea to electrically stimulate auditory nerve fibres

-mic behind ear
-sound processor
-transmitter on mastoid bone
-receiver on mastoid bone