Chapter 11 Flashcards
Explain the two definitions of sound?
- Physical= air vibrations
- Perceptual = experience we have when we hear
What is a pure tone?
Created by a sin wave
What is amplitude?
High and low peaks of wave
DB
Loudness
What is frequency?
Cycles in each time period
HZ
Pitch
What is fundamental frequency?
Repetition rate (first harmonic)
What are periodic completion tones?
Several pure tones called harmonics
What are additional harmonics?
Multiples of the fundamental frequency
What is additive synthesis?
Adding harmonics to create complex sounds
What is frequency spectrum?
Display of harmonics of a complex sound
What is the human hearing range?
20-20,000 HZ
What is the audibility curve?
Threshold of hearing in relation to frequency
(Most sensitive: 2,000 - 4,000)
What is the auditory response area?
Between audibly curve and threshold for feeling
Range of response for human audition
What is pitch?
High or low sound
What is timbre?
Most other aspects of sound
(Besides: loudness, pitch and duration)
What is periodicity pitch?
Remove first harmonic results in sound with same perceived pitch but diff timbre
What is attack of tones?
Buildup of sound at beginning on tone
What is decay of tones?
Decrease in sound at end of tone
What in the outer ear?
Pinna
Auditory canal
What’s in the middle ear?
Three ossicles
-malleus
-incus
-stapes
What do the ossicles do?
Amplify sound
What is the tonotopic map?
Different pitches across cochlea
Works like a filter
What is the place theory?
Relation between sound and frequency and place along basilar membrane
What is phase locking?
“Locked in phase” with wave
Neuron’s fire at near peak of sin wave
What is resolved vs unresolved harmonics?
Resolved: low frequency, good filter
Unresolved: high frequency, hard for brain to decipher
