Chapter 5 Flashcards
Metabolism:
The sum of chemical processes in a living system.
Growth metabolism:
Reactions that contribute to the making of new cells.
Maintenance metabolism:
Maintenance of intracellular metabolite pools, turgor pressure, repair of cellular structures, secretion, motility (generally responses to environmental stress).
Precursor metabolites:
Synthesis of building blocks: in biosynthetic, reactions are consuming energy and reduced molecules
Four chemical processes that form the basis of all cellular metabolism:
- Enzyme mediated Catalysis (accelerate otherwise slow reactions)
- Energy harvesting by redox reactions (cells harvest energy and concentrate it in ATP and reducing power)
- Reaction Coupling (links energetically favorable to unfavorable reactions to drive essential chemical processes)
- Use membranes to form gradients of charge and chemical concentrations.
Growth metabolism chart:
Making Macromolecules:
Nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and hybrids, made of building blocks, require energy to make
Four types of macromolecules
proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.
Four ways microbes fuel growth:
- Cell division
- Assembly of cell structures
- Polymerization of macromolecules
- Biosynthesis of building blocks
Carbon in microbe fueling growth:
Prokaryotes as a group can use inorganic carbon or practically any organic compound on Earth as a carbon source.
Energy and Reducing Power for microbe fuel growth:
Prokaryotes as a group can obtain energy and reducing power by oxidizing either inorganic or organic compounds or by harvesting energy from sunlight.
Heterotrophs (Two types):
Uses organic carbon sources
Chemoheterotrophs: Organic compound for energy and carbon source.
Photoheterotrophs: Organic source of carbon, light source of energy.
Autotrophs (two types):
Uses inorganic carbon sources
Chemoautotrophs: CO2 carbon source, inorganic compound source of energy
Photoautotrophs: CO2 carbon source, light energy source.
