Chapter 5 Flashcards by Kate Grimeau

What tissue is epidermis made of

Keratinized stratified squamous

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Cells in epidermis

Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Intraepidermal macrophages
Tactile epithelial cells

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Keratinocytes

Produce keratin/lamellar granules (releases water repellent sealant desires water entry/loss foreign particle entry)

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Melanocytes

Produce melanin
Form veil over keratinocytes nucleus to protect from UV

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Intraepidermal Macrophages/langerhen cells

Help immune system recognize/destroy invading microbes

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Tactile epithelial cells (Merkel cells)

Contact tactile/merkel discs detect touch sensations

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Thin skin layer

Basum, spinosum, granulosum, thin corneum

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Thick skin layers

Basum, spinsosum, granulosom, lucidum, thick corneum

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Stratum basale

Deepest layer, single row cuboidal/columnar keratinocytes, stem cells, tactile discs/cells

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Stratum spinosum

8-10 layers of keratinocytes Desosomes keratin intermediate filaments, Intraepidermal macrophages, melanocytes

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Stratum granulosum

Keratinocytes undergo apoptosis
Keratohylin
Lamellar granules

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Stratum lucidum

Thick skin 4-6 layers dead keratinocytes

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Stratum corneum

Few to 50 (25-30) layers desd keratinocytes
No nuclei/organelles

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What tissue is dermis made of

Dense irregular connective tissue

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Regions of dermis

Papillary
Reticular

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Papillary

1/5
Collagen/fine elastic fibers
Dermal papillae increase SA

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Free nerve vending

Dendrites lacking structural specialization

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Reticular region

4/5 thickness
Thick collagen/elastic fibers scattered fibroblast wandering called
Collagen Fibers arranges netlike=resist stretching
BV, nerves, hair follicles sebaceous sudoriferous

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Basis for skin colour

Melanin
Hemoglobin
Carotene

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Hair shaft

Superficial portion

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Hair root

Deep portion penetrates dermis sometimes subcutaneous
Medulla cortex cuticle

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Medulla

Inner portion
Pigment cells

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Cortex

Middle portion
Elongated cells

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Cuticle of hair

Outermost later
Heavily Keratinized

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Hair follicle

Surrounds root Epithelial root sheath

Epithelial root sheath

External Internal

External roots sheath

Downward continuation of dermis

Internal root sheath

Procured by matrix

Dermal root sheath

Dense dermis surrounding hair follicle

Hair bulb

Base of hair follicle and dermal root sheath

Papilla

Nipple shaped BV Areolar connective tissue

Hair matrix

Germinal layer of cells responsible for hair growth

Arrector pili

Muscle on hair goosebumps

Sebaceous glands

Lips penis labia less on trunks/limbs Excrete onto dermis Mostly connected to hair follicle Secretes sebum Prevent hair dryness water loss skin rough inhibit growth of bacteria Activated in puberty

Sudiferous glands types

Eccrine Apocrine

Eccrine

Mostly forehead palms soles Deep dermis Surface of epidermis Perspiration Body temp/waste removal emotional stress Soon after birth

Apocrine

Axillae groin Areolae labia bearer regions Deep dermis/subcutaneous Hair follicles Perspiration Emotional/sexual stress Puberty

Ceremonious

External auditory canal Subcutaneous Surface of canal/sebaceous ducts Cerumen Stop entrance of foreign particles/waterproof Soon after birth

Nail body

Visible portion

Free edge

Extend past distal end of digit

Nail root

Under layer of skin

Lunula

White crescent shape can’t see vascular tissue

Hypnychium

Join free edge and fingertip

Nail bed

Below nail

Eponychium

Cuticle consists of stratum corneum

Nail matrix

Epithelium proximal to nail root

Thin vs thick skin

Thin: not on palms/soles .1-.15mm No lucidum No epidermal ridges Has hair follicles Has sebaceous glands Less sudiferous Less sensory receptors Thick Only palms/soles .6-4.5mm Has lucidum Has epidermal ridges No hair follicles No sebaceous More sudiferous More touch receptors

Thermoregulation with skin

Sweat=lower body temp Dilate BV=lower body temp

Blood reservoir of skin

Intense network holding 8-10% of blood

Protection with skin

Keratin Lamented granules Sebaceous Sudoriferous Melanin Intraepidermal macrophages

Sensation with ski

Cutaneous sensation: tactile/thermal/pain Tactile discs corpuscles of touch hair root plexus’s

How much water skin secretes

400ml daily

Skin abosorb

Water certain lipid soluble vitamins, drugs, gases

Vitamin D synthesis with skin

Activation of precursor molecule by UV (10-15 mins 2/week) Enzymes in liver/kidney modify activated molecule Produce calcitriol

Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissues

Epithelial Connective Areolar/adipose

Cutaneous membrane

Skin

Extensibility

Ability to stretch

Elasticity

Ability to return to normal after stretching

Epidermal ridges

Downward projection of epidermis into dermis between dermal papillae Strong bond Increase SA=sensitive Increase friction=grip

Thermoregulatory sweating

First in forhead/scalp Insensible: evaporates before seen Sensible: evaporates after seen

Emotional sweating

First palms/soles