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Biol235 Quiz 1 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of body structures and relationships among them

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Study of body functions

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3
Q

Integumentary

A

Skin hair nails oil/sweat glands
Function: protection, regulate temp, touch sensation, store fat, vitamin D, eliminate wastes

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4
Q

Skeletal

A

Bones joints cartilage
Function: supports body, muscle attachment

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5
Q

Muscular system

A

Skeletal cardiac smooth
Function: movement, produced heat

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6
Q

Nervous System

A

Brain spine special sense organs
Function: action potential, detects change, interprets/responds

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7
Q

Endocrine system

A

Glands tested ovaries
Function: regulates body’s activities via hormones

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8
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

Blood heart BV
Function: carries O2/CO2/waste, defend against disease, repairs

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9
Q

Digestive system

A

GI tract, mouth, pharynx
Function: physical/chemical breakdown of nutrients, absorb nutrients, eliminate solid waste

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10
Q

Urinary system

A

Kidneys ureter urinary bladder
Function: urine, regulate chemicals of blood, maintain mineral balance, regulate body fluid pH

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11
Q

Reproductive

A

Gonads, associated organs
Function: produce gamete’s/milk

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12
Q

Lymphatic system

A

Spleen thymus lymph nodes tonsils
Function: carries proteins fats B cells/ T cells

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13
Q

Respiratory system

A

Lungs pharynx trachea
Function: O2/CO2/sounds/pH

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14
Q

6 levels of structural organization

A

Chemical
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
System
Organismal

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15
Q

Chemical level

A

Atoms/molecules
Participates in chemical reactions

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16
Q

Cellular level

A

Made of many molecules
Smallest functioning unit

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17
Q

Tissue level

A

Group of cells working towards same function
Epithelial connective muscular nervous

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18
Q

Organ level

A

2 or more tissues working together for specific function

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19
Q

System level

A

Related organs with specific functions

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20
Q

Organismal level

A

All parts of human body functioning together

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21
Q

Important life processes

A

Metabolism
Responsiveness
Movement
Growth
Differentiation
Reproduction

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22
Q

Metabolism

A

Sum of all chemical reactions in body

Catabolism: decomposition, breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler components

Anabolism: synthesis, building up of complex chemical substances from simpler components

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23
Q

Responsiveness

A

Ability to detect/respond to changes

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24
Q

Movement

A

Motion of whole body, individual organs, single cells, structures in cells

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25
Q

Growth

A

Increase size of existing cells, number of cells, both or material between cells

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26
Q

Differentiation

A

Development of cell from in unspecialized to specialized
Stem cell: precursor cells that divide/give rise to cells that undergo differentiation

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27
Q

Reproduction

A

New cells for tissues growth, repair, replacement
Production of new individual

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28
Q

Homeostasis def

A

Maintenance of relatively stable conditions in the body’s internal environment
Mostly by nervous/endocrine system

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29
Q

ICF vs ECF

A

Inside cells
Outside cells

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30
Q

Types of ECF/where they’re found

A

Interstitial: between cells
Blood plasma: in BV
Lymph: in lymphatic vessels
Cerebrospinal: in/around brain/spinal cord
Synovial: in joints
Aqueous humour/vitreous body: eye

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31
Q

Components of feedback system

A

Receptor: monitors changes, sends input (nerve impulses, chemical signals)
Afferent pathway: to CC
Control center: sets narrow range/set point, evaluates input, generates output (nerve impulse, hormones)
Efferent pathway: away from CC
Effector: receives output, produces response

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32
Q

Controlled condition

A

Monitored variable

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33
Q

Stimulus

A

Disruption changing controlled condition

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34
Q

Negative vs positive feedback system

A

Reverses change (regulation of blood pressure
Strengthens/Reinforces change (childbirth, major blood loss)

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35
Q

Disorder vs disease

A

Abnormality in structure or function
Disease: illness with set signs/symptoms

36
Q

Symptom vs sign

A

Subjective changes
Objective changes that can be measured

37
Q

Major body regions

A

Head
Neck
Trunk
Upper limbs
Lower limbs

38
Q

Cephalic

A

Head

39
Q

Cranial

A

Skull

40
Q

Cervical

A

Neck

41
Q

Frontal

A

Forehead

42
Q

Orbital/ocular

A

Eye

43
Q

Otic

A

Ear

44
Q

Buccal

A

Cheek

45
Q

Mental

A

Chin

46
Q

Axillary

A

Armpit

47
Q

Brachial

A

Arm

48
Q

Anticubital

A

Front of elbow

49
Q

Antibracheal

A

Forearm

50
Q

Carpal

A

Wrist

51
Q

Femoral

A

Thigh

52
Q

Patellar

A

Anterior of knee

53
Q

Crustal

A

Leg

54
Q

Pedal

A

Foot

55
Q

Tarsal

A

Ankle

56
Q

Dorsum

A

Top of foot

57
Q

Hallux

A

Big toe

58
Q

Plantar

A

Sole

59
Q

Calcaneal

A

Heel

60
Q

Sural

A

Calf

61
Q

Popliteal

A

Posterior of knee

62
Q

Perineal

A

Anus

63
Q

Manual

A

Hand

64
Q

Pollex

A

Thumb

65
Q

Inguinal

A

Groin

66
Q

Coxal

A

Hip

67
Q

Scapular

A

Shoulder blade

68
Q

Olecranal/cubital

A

Back of elbow

69
Q

Sacral

A

Between hips

70
Q

Dorsal

A

Back

71
Q

Planes

A

Sagittal: L/R
Midsaggital: L/R on midline
Parasagittal: L/R not on midline
Transverse: superior/inferior
Frontal: anterior/posterior
Oblique: anything other than 90°

72
Q

Abdomen regions

A

R hypochondriac, epigastric, L hypochondriac

R lumbar, umbilical, L lumbar

R inguinal, hypogastric, L inguinal

73
Q

Major body cavities

A

Cranial
Vertebral
Thoracic
Abdominopelvic cavity

74
Q

Thoracic cavity/membrane

A

Pericardial cavity: surrounds heart (visceral/parietal pericardium)

Pleural Cavity: one around each lung (visceral/parietal pleura)

Mediastinum: central part from first rib to diaphragm and vertebral column to sternum

75
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity/membrane

A

Abdominal cavity: stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, SI, most of LI (visceral/parietal peritoneum)

Pelvic cavity: bladder, part of LI, reproductive organs

76
Q

Membrane

A

Not open to exterior/reduce friction between organs

Parietal: lines walls
Visceral: lines organs

77
Q

Retroperitoneal

A

Organs posterior to peritoneal cavity

78
Q

Prone
Supine

A

Face down
Face up

79
Q

Superior (cephalic/cranial)
Inferior (caudal)

A

Toward head
Away from head

80
Q

Posterior (dorsal)
Anterior (ventral)

A

Back of body
Front of body

81
Q

Medial
Lateral

A

Nearer midline
Farther midline

82
Q

Intermediate

A

Between two structures

83
Q

Ipsilateral
Contralateral

A

Same side of body
Opposite site of body

84
Q

Proximal
Distal

A

Closer to trunk attachment
Farther from trunk

85
Q

Superficial
Deep

A

Towards Surface of skin
Farther from surface of skin

Biol235 Quiz 1 (5 decks)

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