Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biol235 Quiz 1 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Four types of tissue

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Covers body’s surface, lines hollow organs/cavities, forms glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Connective tissue

A

Protects/supports body/organs, stores energy (fats), immunity to disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Muscular tissue

A

Cells specialized for contraction/force, generates heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nervous

A

Detects changes, generates electrical signals, activates muscular contractions/secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Five types of cell junctions

A

Right
Adherents
Desosomes
Hemidesosomes
Gap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tight junctions

A

Fuse outer surface of membranes together to seal of passageway between cells=prevents leakage (stomach, intestines, urinary bladder)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Adheren junctions

A

Plaque on inside of planes membrane attaching to members proteins and microfilaments, helps epithelial resist separation during contraction

Cadherens: transmembrane proteins joining cells
Adhesion belts: extensive zones of adherens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Desosomes

A

Contains plaque, cadherens extend into ICF, attach cells, don’t attach to microfilaments but instead intermediate filaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hemidesosomes

A

Like Desosomes but integrity’s instead of cadherins, attach to laminin (proteins) present in basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Gap junctions

A

Connexins (tiny tube tunnels) for rapid diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Epithelial vs connective

A

Tightly packed cells, little matrix, no BV, almost always surface layer (except BV where blood passes over)

Cells widely scattered lots of matrix, has BV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

General features of epithelial tissue

A

Cells in continuous sheets single or multiple layer
Various surfaces have different structures/functions
Own nerve supply
Avascular
High rate of cell division

Function: protects secretes absorbs excretes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Simple squamous (two types)

A

Flat single layer of cells

Found:
Endothelium: lines cardiovascular/lymphatic system
Mesothelium: epithelial layer of serous membranes

Function: filtrations/diffusion or secretion of serous membranes, not subject to wear and tear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Simple cuboidal

A

Cube single layer

Found: surface of ovary, anterior lens of eye, pigment of retina, lines kidney tubules/smaller ducts of glands, secreting portion of glands

Function: secretion/absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nonciliated simple columnar

A

Single layer columnar cells, microvilli, goblet cells

Found: lines GI, ducts of glands, gallbladder

higher secretion/absorption, secreted mucus lines respiratory/reproductive/digestive tract, prevents destruction of stomach lining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ciliates simple columnar

A

Single layer columnar, cilia, goblet cells

Found: bronchiales, fallopian tubes, sinuses, central spinal cord

Function: move mucus to be coughed up, move oocytes from ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Nonciliated pseudostratified columnar

A

Different levels of nuclei, not all cells reach surface, no goblet/cilia

Found: lines epididymis, larger ducts of glands, make urethra

Function: absorption/secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar

A

Goblet cells and cilia

Found: lines airways of most upper respiratory tract

Function: secreted mucus, traps foreign particles cilia swell away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Stratified squamous

A

Many layers of cells top is flat

Found:
Keratinized: superficial layer of skin
Non keratinized: lines wet surface/tongue

Function: protection against abrasion, UV, water loss, foreign invasion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Stratified cuboidal

A

Fairly rare

Found: ducts of adult sweat/esophageal glands, male urethra

Function: protection, limited secretion/absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Stratified columnar

A

Uncommon

Found: urethra, large ducts of glands, anus mucous membrane, parts of eye

Function: protection/secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Transitional

A

Relaxed=stratified cuboidal stretched=stratified squamous

Found: lines urinary bladder, ureter/urethra

Function: stretch without rupturing, maintain protective lining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Secretions enter interstitial fluid then bloodstream, no duct

Found: pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, tested, thymus

Function: hormones regulate metabolic/physiological a activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Release into ducts onto surface epithelium

Found: sweat, oil, ear was glands of skin, digestive glands, pancreas

Function: produce substances, sweat oil earwax saliva digestive enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Exocrine glands shapes

A

Simple: doesn’t branch
Compound: branches

Tubular: tubular
Acinar: rounded
Tubuloacinar: both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Exocrine gland types of secretion

A

Merocrine: released from cell in secretory vesicles via Exocytosis

Apocrine: portion of cell lunches off via Exocytosis

Holocrine: whole cell ruptures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

General feature of connective tissue

A

Most abundant
Lots of extra cellular matrix
Vascular (except catilage=none, tendons=little)
Not usually on body surfaces
Nerves (except cartilage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Cells in connective tissue

A

Fibroblasts
Macrophages
Plasma cells
Mast cells
Adipocytes
Leukocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Fibroblasts

A

Large, flat, branching cells
In general connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Macrophages

A

Phagocytes
Fixed reside in particular tissue
Wandering move through tissue to gather at sites of inflammation/infection

32
Q

Plasma cells

A

All over body, mostly connective tissue, especially GI/respiratory tracts

33
Q

Mast cells

A

Involved in inflammatory response, bind/ingest/kill bacteria

34
Q

Adipocytes

A

Fat cells store triglycerides
Deep to skin/around organs

35
Q

Leukocytes

A

WBC
Migrate from blood to connective tissue for different responses

36
Q

Ground substance structure/function

A

Can be fluid, semi fluid, gelatinous, calcified
Supports/binds cells, stores water, medium for exchange between blood/cells

37
Q

Hyaluronic acid

A

Viscous slippery substance
Bind cells, lubricates joints, maintains shape of eyeballs

38
Q

Fibers in connective tissue

A

Collagen: strong, rests pulling/stretching, not stiff, found in most connective tissues (esp. bone cartilage ligaments tendons(

Elastic: strong, stretch 150%, return to normal shape (esp. skin, BV walls, lung tissue)

Reticular: support/strength/form basement membrane, helps form stroma

39
Q

Stroma

A

Supporting framework of organs

40
Q

Embryonic tissue types

A

Mesenchyme
Mucous connective tissue

41
Q

Mesenchyme

A

Irregular shaped cells in semi fluid ground substance, reticular divers

Found: under skin/along bones of embryo, some adult esp. BV

Function: form almost all other types of connective tissue

42
Q

Mucous connective tissue

A

Widely scattered fibroblasts, jelly-like ground substance, collagen fibres

Found: umbilical cord

Function: support

43
Q

Proper loose connective tissue types

A

Fibers loosely arranged

Areolar connective tissue
Adispose tissue
Reticular connective tissue

44
Q

Areolar connective tissue

A

Widely distributed, 3 fibers, many cells, semi fluid

Found: in/around every body structure, subcutaneous layer, superficial dermis, lamina propria, BV, nerves, organs

Function: strength, elasticity, support

45
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Cels fill with droplet of tryglyceride, BAT found mostly in fetus/infant

Found: Areolar tissue, heart/kidneys, yellow bone marrow, joints, eye

Function: reduced heat loss, energy reserve, supports/protects organs, stem cells

46
Q

Reticular connective tissue

A

Interlacing network of reticular fibers/cells

Found: stroma of liver spleen lymph nodes, red bone marrow, reticular lamina, around BV/muscles

Function: forms stroma, binds cells, filters/removes worn out blood cells in spleen/microbes in lymph nodes

47
Q

Proper dense connective tissue types

A

More fibers densely packed

Dense regular connective tissue
Dense irregular connective tissue
Elastic connective tissue

48
Q

Dense regular connective tissue

A

Shiny white extracellular mix, collagen rows with fibroblasts between

Found: tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses

Function: strong attachment between structures, withstands pulling

49
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue

A

Collagen fibers irregularly arranged with fibroblasts

Found: in sheets fascia, reticular dermis, pericardium, perichondrium, cartilage, joint/membrane capsules, heart valves

Function: provides tensile (pulling) strength

50
Q

Elastic connective tissue

A

Elastic fibers with fibroblasts, yellowish

Found: lung tissue, walls of elastic arteries, teachea, bronchial tubes, vocal cords, suspensory ligaments of penis, some ligament of vertebrae

Function: stretching of organs, strong can recoil to og shape (lung tissue, elastic arteries)

51
Q

Cartilage types

A

Hyaline
Fibrocartilage
Elastic cartilage

52
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

Bluish white, shiny chondrocytes found in lacunae surrounded by perichondrium

Found: most abundant in body, long bones, ribs, nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchial tubes, embryonic/fetal skeleton

Function: smooth surfaces for movement at joint, flexibility/support, weak (can be fractured)

53
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Chondrocytes collagen fibers no perichondrium

Found: pubic symphysis, cerebral discs, knee, tendons

Function. Support/joining structures, strength/rigidity=strongest

54
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

Chondrocytes elastic fibers perichondrium

Found: epiglottis, external ear, auditory tubes

Function: strength/elasticity, maintain shape

55
Q

Bone tissue

A

Compact: osteons containing lamellae, lacunae, oesteocytes, central canal

Spongy: trabeculae, red bone marrow

Function: support protection storage house blood forming tissues enables movement

56
Q

Blood

A

Blood plasma formed elements (RBC,WBC, platelets)

Found: BV heart

Function: RBC (transport o2/co2) WBC (phagocytosis, allergic response, immune) platelets (blood clotting)

57
Q

Types of membranes

A

Epithelial membrane
-mucous membrane:lines body cavity open to exterior, tight junctions
-serous membrane: body cavity not open to exterior, Areolar tissue, simple squamous (mesothelium), secretes serous fluid
-cutaneous membrane: skin, keratinized stratified squamous, Areolar/irregular connective tissue

Synovial membrane: joining cavities, no epithelium, synoviocytes, secrets synovial fluid

58
Q

Define membrane

A

Flat sheets of pliable tissue that cover/line a part of the body

59
Q

Classification of membranes

A

Opens to exterior or not
Epithelial or not

60
Q

General features of muscular tissue

A

Elongated cells called muscle fibers or myocytes
Use ATP to generate force

61
Q

Skeletal muscle tissue

A

Long cylindrical striated fibers (alternating light dark bands) nucleus at periphery

Voluntary

Found: attached to bones by tendons

Function; motion posture heat production protection

62
Q

Cardiac muscle tissue

A

Branches striated fibers, central nucleus, intercalated discs, Desosomes, gap junctions

Involuntary

Found: heart wall

Function: pump blood

63
Q

Smooth muscle tissue

A

Non striated fibers, central nucleus

Involuntary

Found: iris, walls of hollow internal structures (BV, stomach intestines etc)

Function: motion (construction of BV contractor of bladders)

64
Q

Structure/function of nervous tissue

A

Neurons: nerve cells, sensitive to stimuli, convert it to electrical signals called nerve action potentials, conducted to neuron, muscle tissue or glands
-cell body: contains nucleus/organelles
-dendrites: receiving/input section,branched
-axons: output, long thin conducts nerve impulses

Neuroglia: doesn’t generate nerve impulses has supporting functions

65
Q

Concept of electrical excitably

A

Excitable cells: neurons muscle fibers
Electrical excitability: ability to respond to certain stimuli by producing electrical signals

66
Q

Basement membrane

A

Thin extracellular membrane, attach/anchor epithelial/connective tissue, surface for wound healing, prevent passage of larger molecules, blood filtration in kidneys

Basal lamina: closer to epithelial cells
Reticular lamina: closer to connective tissue

67
Q

Chondrocytes

A

Cells of mature cartilage

68
Q

Lacunae

A

Spaces filled with chondrocytes

69
Q

Perichondrium

A

Dense irregular connective tissue
Membrane covering cartilage

70
Q

Interstitial growth

A

Growth from within tissue (childhood/adolescence)

71
Q

Appositional growth

A

Growth at the outer surface of the tissue (adolescence/adulthood)

72
Q

Lamellae

A

Rings of extracellular matrix with mineral salts/collagen fibers

73
Q

Lacunae

A

Small spaces between lamellae containing osteocytes

74
Q

Canaliculi

A

Project from lacunae proving nutrient/waste routes

75
Q

Central canal

A

BV and nerves

Biol235 Quiz 1 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions