Chapter 5 Flashcards
True experiment
control over variables, holds most of the constants + manipulates one or more independent variable.
Field study
studies done outside the laboratory. Goal is to capture natural behaviour – naturalistic. Threat to validity because of loss of control over extraneous variables.
Field experiment
experimentally designed field study.
Example: more control and manipulation of variables than field study.
Naturalistic design
study participants in their everyday environment
Natural experiments
events beyond researcher´s direct control but where and independent variable (IV) and dependent variable (DV) can be identified.
Example: Smoking bans in public places = independent variable. Effect on public health outcomes = dependent variables.
Basically, goes with the flow and finds opportunities for studies and research in the natural development of X.
Laboratory vs. Natural – bank robbery: memory recall (opposite results)
Observational study
Research which gathers data by watching and recording behaviour
Example: observe kids at a playground to study social interaction at young age.
Time-series design
Design in which behaviour is recorded for a certain period before and after a treatment point in order to look for relatively sudden change.
Studied drivers before and after the introduction of the breathalyser.
Group difference test
simple test of difference between two or more groups
Correlational study
study of the extent to which one variable is related to another, often referring to non-manipulated variables measured outside the laboratory.
Example: number of hours student spent studying for an exam and the grade.
Independent variable: numbers of hours spent studying
Dependent variable: Exam score
Experimental realism
effect of attention-grabbing, interesting experiment in compensating for artificiality or demand characteristics.
Mundane realism
feature of design where experiment resembles everyday life but is not necessarily engaging.
Example: changing some parts of a grocery store, and study how it affects X.
Basically boring but “must be done”
Post facto research
Research where pre-existing and non-manipulated variables among people are measured for difference of correlation.
Example: studying people who smoke and lung cancer. Would be unethical to make people smoke, but it is okey to study the results, post facto.
