Chapter 5 Flashcards
1
Q
Major Privy councillors
A
- Richard Weston
- Francis Cottington
- Henry Montagu
- Thomas Coventry
- William Juxon
- William Laud
- Thomas Wentworth
- Sir Francis Windebank
2
Q
Prerogative courts
A
- court through which the discretionary powers, privileges, and legal immunities reserved to the sovereign were exercised
- The Court of Star Chamber; tried cases too powerful to be brought before ordinary courts
- The Court of High Commission; enforce conformity to canon laws
- Regional Councils
- Privy Council; acted as a court when King’s direct judgement was required
3
Q
Books of Orders
A
- distributed to JPs on 31 January 1631
- drafted by the Lord Chief Justice
- purpose was to ensure “better administration of justice … relief of the poor and … reformation of disorders”
- greatly increased control of Charles’ government over what had until then been largely local affairs handled by the local gentry
- demanded more from the elite in society
4
Q
hundreds
A
- administrative units made up of parishes within a country
- parish is the smallest unit of local government, and typically has its own church
5
Q
the orders in the Book of Orders 1631
A
- JPs to convene a monthly meeting of enforcement officers at hundred level
- JPs to send monthly reports of meetings to sheriff
- Sheriffs to report to the Circuit Judges
- Circuit Judges report upwards to the Privy Council
- Penalty for not complying was punishment by Star Chamber
6
Q
Local government system
A
- Constables: responsible for policing the hundreds
- Country Sheriffs: Responsible for administration of justice and collecting taxes
- JPs: 50 per county. Judged lesser criminal cases
- Deputy Lieu.: Appointed by crown. Trained local militia
- Lord lieu.: Responsible for ensuring local defence & mobilising country militia
7
Q
Cutting expenditure (Prudence)
A
- debt of £2 million
- Weston & Cottington counseled Charles
- end of foreign wars
- reform of Royal household
8
Q
Customs duty
A
- Tax on imports & exports
- Products listed in Book of Rates
- When BoR was revalued in 1635 to account for inflation the amount of tax increased significantly
- 1931-35: £270,000 p.a.
-post 35: £425,000 p.a.
9
Q
Monopolies
A
- Loophole in Statute of Monopolies Act 1623
- Raised 100s of thousands of £
- ripe avenue for corruption
- Weston was targeted for Popish Soap
10
Q
Ship Money
A
Levied on costal town & cities in October 1634
- Extended to whole of England 1635
- Raised roughly £200,000 p.a. between 1634-1638
- Initially 90% compliance. Fell to 25% in 1639
- Non compliance by Hampden in Nov 1637 led to the Hampden Case
11
Q
Distraint of Knighthood
A
- resurrected an all-but-forgotten law
- required any man who earned £40 or more from land each year to present himself at the king’s coronation to be knighted or incur a fine
12
Q
Trial of Prynne, Bastwick, & Burton
A
- Puritans. Doctor, clergyman, & lawyer.
- Star Chamber found them guilty of seditious libel in 1637
13
Q
Alter controversy
A
- Beauty of Holiness
- Originally Communion table was at centre of church
- Now North South alignment against easternmost wall, table covered in cloth
- Annual visitations
- Fear of return to Catholicism. Alarm at disruption of tradition. Strict enforcement suggested lack of tolerance from Laud & King
14
Q
Politicisation of the clergy
A
- Scottish Bishops made JPs in 1634
- Lord Chancellor of Scotland + Lord Treasurer of England titles held by clerics
- Laud made Chancellor of Oxford Uni in 1630
- Overlap between religious & political spheres
15
Q
Establish conformity
A
- Clergy given renewed instructions about conducting services
- Church canon revised to include new alter policy
- Visitations and Presentment Bills used to report conformity of parish priests to Laud
- Star Chamber & High Commission used with greater frequency with harsher punishments
- Laud removed Chief Justice Heath in 1634
