Chapter 5 Flashcards
True/False
Question: Being White may serve as a barrier to an effective therapeutic process.
true
What is the key element that can destroy trustworthiness within a helping relationship?
a. agreeableness
b. defensiveness
c. insight
d. expertness
b
Define ethnocentric monoculturalism.
ethnocentric monoculturalism refers to a belief in the superiority of one group’s cultural heritage over another and the imposition of those standards upon the less powerful group.
True/False
Question: Theories of counseling and psychotherapy and standards to judge normality and abnormality have been largely adapted to reflect the changing microcosm of society.
false
The theories of counseling and psychotherapy, the standards used to decide what’s normal and what’s not, and the actual process of mental health practice are all tied to culture and show that the helping professions have a single point of view. They are often not appropriate for different cultures and go against the ways of life and values of different groups in our society. Some mental health professionals say that counseling and psychotherapy may be “handmaidens of the status quo,” tools of oppression, and carriers of society’s values.
Which is an example of the historical manifestation of ethnocentric monoculturalism?
a. The signers of the Declaration of Independence were all White men.
b. European immigrants escaping persecution did not recognize their role in the oppression of American Indians.
c. Textbooks on history often put too much emphasis on the importance of other countries.
d. European immigrants considered American Indians to be different culturally but equal in rights.
b
To survive slavery, African Americans often adopted a pattern of
a. ignoring the thoughts of others
b. expressing aggression directly
c. revealing their true self only to fellow Blacks
d. All of the choices are correct.
c
Describe how worldview may or may not affect the client’s view of the counselor’s attractiveness and credibility. Why is this important for building rapport?
The authors say that therapists who their clients see as credible (knowledgeable and trustworthy) and attractive (similar) are better able to connect with them than therapists who don’t have these qualities. No matter what kind of counseling approach a therapist uses (psychodynamic, humanistic, behavioral, etc.), their effectiveness depends on how knowledgeable, trustworthy, and attractive their clients think they are. Most studies on social influence and counseling, on the other hand, have only looked at White people. So, counselor traits that are usually seen as signs of credibility and attractiveness may not be seen that way by clients from different cultures. The authors also say that it’s possible that a Latino/a client’s perception of a White therapist’s credibility, as shown by professional credentials or advanced degrees, is that the White therapist doesn’t know how to work with Latinos or has no experience with them. So, it seems important for people who work in the helping field to know what factors and conditions can make or break a counselor’s credibility and attractiveness when working with clients from different backgrounds.
A culturally effective counselor is open to viewing problems as stemming from survival mechanisms.
true
The statement that clients are responsible for their own actions and predicaments represents
a. White male middle-class values
b. collectivistic cultural values
c. an Afro-centric perspective
d. a multicultural perspective
a
True/False
Question: Worldview can be defined broadly as how an individual understands his or her race.
false
Describe the terms locus of control and locus of responsibility.
Locus of control refers to people’s beliefs about the degree of control they have over their life circumstance.
Locus of responsibility refers to the degree of responsibility or blame placed on the individual or system.
What type of orientation has characterized counseling practice?
a. situation-centered
b. person-centered
c. counselor-centered
d. system-blame
b
Early research indicates that African Americans who scored high external on the locus of control
a. more often aspired to nontraditional occupations
b. were more in favor of group rather than individual action for dealing with discrimination
c. engaged in more civil rights activities
d. exhibited less innovative social action behavior.
d
U.S. society is characterized by which philosophy?
a. internal control (IC)–internal responsibility (IR)
b. internal control (IC)–external responsibility (ER)
c. external control (EC)–internal responsibility (IR)
d. external control (EC)–external responsibility (ER)
a
The expectation of hopelessness is characterized in which constellation?
a. IC-IR
b. IC-ER
c. EC-IR
d. EC-ER
d
