Chapter 13

Question 1

True/False

Question: Accurate assessment, diagnosis, and case conceptualization is dependent on the characteristics, values, and worldviews of the therapist.

Answer 1

false

Accurate assessment, diagnosis, and case conceptualization, key prerequisites to the provision of appropriate treatment, are dependent upon the characteristics, values, and worldviews of both the therapist and the client

Question 2

In addition to working collaboratively with your client to construct an accurate definition of the problem, you also include the __________________, which acknowledges that both the client and therapist are embedded in systems such as family, work, and culture.

a. contextual viewpoint
b. multicultural perspective
c. multicultural worldview
d. contextual limit

Answer 2

a

Question 3

To reduce error, a clinician must be aware of potential biases that can affect clinical judgment, including the influence of _ _

Answer 3

stereotypes

Errors in assessment can occur because of biases, mistakes in thinking, and stereotypes held by the clinician.

Question 4

Describe some of the common diagnostic errors that may occur during assessment and diagnosing. Explain why and when these may occur

Answer 4

Confirmatory strategy—searching for evidence or information that supports one’s hypothesis and ignoring data that are inconsistent with this perspective.
Attribution error—the therapist places an undue emphasis on internal causes regarding a client’s problem.
Judgmental heuristics: commonly used quick-decision rules, which can be problematic because they short-circuit our ability to engage in self-correction.
Diagnostic overshadowing-the client’s problem receives inadequate treatment because attention is diverted to a more salient characteristic.

• These types of errors can happen and are most likely to occur when clinicians fail to use self-correcting strategies or fail to consider the individuality of each client. The authors believe that effective culturally competent assessment can, in fact, minimize the dangers of stereotyping or placing inordinate weight on race or other diversity issues.

Question 5

True/False

Question: “Professionally sanctioned stereotyping” happens when cultural attributes are given primary consideration rather than a focus on the understanding of the uniqueness and life circumstances of each client.

Answer 5

true

Question 6

Cultural competence includes ____________- _________________ knowledge of _________________ _______________ ______________, and ______________________ ___________________ _______________.

Answer 6

self-awareness; culturally diverse groups; specific clinical skills.

Question 7

Specific clinical skills working with diverse clients may include which of the following:

a. ability to generate a wide variety of verbal and nonverbal helping responses
b. form a therapeutic alliance
c. intervene at the individual or group level
d. intervene at institutional and/or societal levels

Answer 7

a, b, c, d

Question 8

Knowledge of cultural values associated with specific groups can help therapists generate hypotheses about the manner in which a client might view a disorder.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

The authors believe that what occurs through a combination of evidence-based guidelines for assessment and a cultural competency framework?

a. contextual and collaborative assessment
b. culturally responsive assessment
c. confirmatory strategy
d. diagnostic overshadowing

Answer 9

b

Question 10

Cultural differences between specific groups of people can affect individuals in a unique way. Which one of the following differences can affect individuals?

a. degree of assimilation
b. socioeconomic background
c. family experiences
d. educational level
e. All of the choices are correct.

Answer 10

e

Question 11

Cultural differences between specific groups of people can affect individuals in a unique way. Which one of the following differences can affect individuals?

a. degree of assimilation
b. socioeconomic background
c. family experiences
d. educational level
e. All of the choices are correct.

Answer 11

e

Question 12

_ _ _ _describes the search for evidence or information supporting one’s hypothesis and ignoring data that is inconsistent with this perspective.

Answer 12

Confirmatory strategy

Question 13

_ _ _ _describes the search for evidence or information supporting one’s hypothesis and ignoring data that is inconsistent with this perspective.

Answer 13

Confirmatory strategy

Question 14

Which term BEST describes the situation where both the client and the therapist are embedded in systems such as family, work, and culture?

a. worldview
b. collaborative approach
c. contextual viewpoint
d. ethnocentric inquiry

Answer 14

c

Question 15

What are the seven components of collaborative conceptualization? Why is this approach needed?

Answer 15

1. Use both clinician skill and client perspective to understand the presenting problem.
2. Collaborate and jointly define the presenting problem.
3. Jointly formulate a possible hypothesis regarding the cause of the problem.
4. Jointly develop ways to confirm or disconfirm the hypothesis on the problem, and continuing to consider alternative hypotheses.
5. Test out the hypothesis using both the client and the therapist as the evaluators.
6. If the conceptualization appears to be valid, develop a treatment plan.
7. If the hypothesis is not borne out, therapist and client collect additional data and formulate a new, testable hypotheses.

Question 16

Elaborate on why a collaborative approach is necessary in working with diverse populations.

Answer 16

Only by working closely with the client can we find out exactly what is going on with the problem at hand and stop applying cultural knowledge without thinking about it.

Question 17

Multicultural awareness can lead to ___________ __________ if clinical attention to race or other diversity issues results in neglect of other important aspects of the client.

Answer 17

diagnostic overshadowing

Question 18

It is important that clinicians avoid a “_ _” approach in which the characteristics of different groups are memorized and applied to all clients who belong to a specific group.

Answer 18

cookbook

Question 19

When conducting a culturally sensitive intake interview, it can be helpful to assess the primary language used in the home in the identifying information section.

Answer 19

true

Question 20

When conducting a culturally sensitive intake interview, it can be helpful to assess the primary language used in the home in the identifying information section.

Answer 20

true

Question 21

Explain why some mental health professionals have argued that the emphasis on culture and the development of culture-specific approaches have led to fragmentation, confusion, and controversy in the field of counseling and psychotherapy.

Answer 21

Some mental health professionals have argued that the emphasis on culture and the development of culture-specific approaches have led to fragmentation, confusion, and controversy in the field of counseling and psychotherapy. Diversity training has been accused of producing “professionally sanctioned stereotyping,” in which the therapist gives primary consideration to cultural attributes rather than focusing on understanding the uniqueness and life circumstances of the individual client

Although it is important to understand group-specific differences, it is equally critical that we avoid a “cookbook” approach, in which the characteristics of different groups are memorized and applied to all clients who belong to a specific group

Question 22

**Multiple Selection **

Question: Which of the following items should be considered during a culturally sensitive intake interview?

a. identifying information and presenting information
b. history of presenting problem
c. psychosocial history
d. abuse history
e. strengths
f. medical history
g. substance abuse history
h. risk of harm of self or others

Answer 22

a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h

Question 23

True/False

Question: The opening question, “How can I help you?” may feel like a top-down hierarchal approach that may offend some cultural groups.

Answer 23

false

Question 24

True/False

Question: Standard clinical intake forms are sufficient for assessing cultural differences therefore there is no need to modify them.

Answer 24

False