Chapter 15

Question 1

Approximately what percentage of American Indian children were being placed by state courts and child welfare workers into non-Indian homes prior to the enactment of the Indian Child Welfare Act?

a. under 30 percent
b. over 50 percent
c. over 90 percent
d. under 50 percent

Answer 1

c

Question 2

True/False

Question: According to the Bureau of Indian Affairs, since American Indian/Alaska Natives comprise such a small percentage of the U.S. population, they are relatively “invisible” and thus susceptible to stereotypes. This is a reason that people are opposed to the use of Indian-themed mascots and logos.

Answer 2

true

Question 3

The high incidence of suicide among American Indians is thought to be the result of ______ ________, _________, __________, and __________ ___________.

Answer 3

alcohol abuse; poverty; boredom; family stress

Question 4

Describe some of the cultural and spiritual values among American Indians/Native Americans. Why might some of these issues be important in the counseling relationship?

Answer 4

Since the spirit, mind, and body are all connected, they think that illness is caused by a lack of harmony between these three things.

Question 5

In terms of time orientation, American Indians and Alaskan Natives are much more oriented toward

a. the future
b. the present
c. the past
d. time does not exist

Answer 5

b

Question 6

True/False

Question: Statistics indicate that American Indian women suffer a higher rate of domestic violence as compared to other ethnicities.

Answer 6

true

Question 7

True/False

Question: American Indians/Alaska Natives are a heterogeneous group composed of approximately 159 distinct tribes, some consisting of only four to five members.

Answer 7

false

At the time of the 8th edition, American Indians/Alaska Natives form a highly heterogeneous group composed of 566 distinct tribes, some consisting of only four or five members

Question 8

Describe a typical “Indian family.”

Answer 8

They range from the Navajo’s matriarchal structures, where women run the family, to patriarchal structures, where men are the main people in charge.

Question 9

Which is NOT an acculturation orientation?

a. marginal
b. pantraditional
c. pannational
d. bicultural

Answer 9

c

Question 10

The __________ person is conversant with both sets of values and communicates in a variety of contexts.

Answer 10

bicultural

Question 11

True/False

Question: More American Indians are high school graduates that the general U.S. population (96% versus 72%).

Answer 11

False

Solution: According to the text, fewer Indians are high school graduates that the general U.S. population

Question 12

Describe why it is important when working with Indians and Native Americans to consider the historical sociopolitical relationships. Give an example of a past practice that may still be a factor in working with this population.

Answer 12

The breakup of families in the past, which led to the Indian Child Welfare Act, has important effects on how AI/ANs might think about child protection services and how they might treat runaway youth.

Question 13

In general, how is honor and respect gained among American Indians?

a. sharing
b. educational achievement
c. material wealth
d. None of the choices is correct.

Answer 13

a

Question 14

_ _ is likely to guide selection of therapeutic interventions.

Answer 14

level of acculturation

Question 15

True/False

Question: You are a counselor in private practice and are working with a 42-year-old Native American woman going through a life transition. In your initial intake, she reports living with her White, American husband and 8-year-old daughter in your city. As such, you do not assess the importance of tribal affiliation. This is the correct action to take because she does not live on a reservation.

Answer 15

False

Even though she does not live on a reservation, it does not mean that tribal affiliation is not important to her. The authors report that counselors need to discuss the client’s tribal affiliation (if any), languages spoken, self-identity, and residential background, and find out whether there is a current relationship to a tribe or tribal culture

Question 16

In American Indian culture, children having direct eye contact with an elder would probably be seen as a sign of

a. anger
b. disrespect
c. agreement
d. resentment

Answer 16

b

Question 17

_______________ _____________ is one of the greatest problems faced by American Indian/Alaska Native populations.

Answer 17

Substance abuse

Question 18

The American Indian and Alaska Native population was ____ in 2015 representing ____ of the total U.S. population.

a. 10 million; 15 percent
b. 5.4 million; 2 percent
c. 3.8 million; 5 percent
d. 28 million; 22 percent

Answer 18

b

Question 19

True/False

Question: Factors such as conflict over exposure to two different cultures may result in failure to develop a positive self-image or strong ethnic identity for Native American adolescents.

Answer 19

true

Question 20

The reason so many American Indian/Alaska Native populations endured extermination and assimilation efforts was

a. spirituality and respect for the land
b. respect for traditional values and extended family networks
c. allegiance to the family, community, and tribe and respect for elders
d. All of the choices are correct.

Answer 20

d

Question 21

When do American Indian children appear to do well in their formal education?

a. the first few years
b. high school years
c. middle school years
d. never

Answer 21

a

Question 22

What constitutes an Indian?

Answer 22

What constitutes an Indian is often an area of controversy. The U.S. Census depends on self-report of racial identity. Congress has formulated a legal definition: An individual must have an Indian blood quantum of at least 25 percent to be considered an Indian. This definition has caused problems both within and outside the Indian community. Some tribes have developed their own criteria and specify either tribal enrollment or blood quantum levels. Tribal definitions typically allow inclusion of the 60 percent of American Indians who have mixed heritage, including Black, White, and Latino/a backgrounds

Question 23

How do the educational practices of many Indian and Native American youth contribute to current trends seen in the population?

Answer 23

The first few years of school seem to go well for native children. But by the fourth grade, there is a pattern of academic decline, disengagement, and skipping school. In middle school, there is often a big drop in motivation to do well. Some people have said that traditional cultural values and beliefs are incompatible with those of the educational system, but there is more and more support for the idea that perceived barriers to mobility are to blame for poor academic performance. Others argue that structural issues within the school including limited resources, lack of teacher preparation or cultural sensitivity, and racial discrimination are in fact pushing AI/AN youth out of traditional school settings.