Chapter 12 Flashcards
True/False
The authors contend that there is a denial associated with being White, and it is related to the denial of White privilege.
True
Which ego status would be best represented by the following statement, “My grandfather is really prejudiced, but I try not to be”?
a. Reintegration
b. Contact
c. Disintegration
d. Autonomy
c
One of the earliest integrative attempts at formulating a White racial identity development model is that of _ _(1982).
Hardiman
Name and provide a brief description of the five developmental stages of the Hardiman White Racial Identity Development model.
.
(1) naïveté—lack of social consciousness,
(2) acceptance,
(3) resistance,
(4) redefinition and
(5) internalization
True/False
Question: The effectiveness of White therapists is related to their ability to overcome sociocultural conditioning and to make their Whiteness invisible.
False
Solution: Just the opposite is true. The authors offer as an implication for clinical practice that the effectiveness of White therapists is related to their ability to overcome sociocultural conditioning and to make their Whiteness visible.
According to the Hardiman (1982, as cited in Sue 8th edition) White Racial Identity Development model, which stage is characterized by a conscious belief in the democratic ideal that everyone has an opportunity to succeed?
a. naiveté
b. acceptance
c. resistance
d. redefinition
b
The _ _ model is by the far the most widely cited, researched, and applied of all the White racial identity formulations.
Helms
Name two critiques of the Helms White Racial Identity model.
In an article that was critical of the Helms model and most “stage” models of White racial identity development, Rowe, Bennett, and Atkinson pointed out problems with the model. These problems included the fact that it was based on models of racial/ethnic minority identity development, which may not apply to White identity, and the fact that putting the model forward as a linear progression of stages was not supported by the concept. Lastly, Rowe attacks the Helms model because it is based on the White Racial Identity Attitude Scale, which he calls “pseudoscience” because the empirical literature doesn’t support the psychometric properties.
True/False
Question: Research suggests that it is possible for people to avoid inheriting the racial biases, prejudices, misinformation, deficit portrayals, and stereotypes of their forebears if they are exposed to various and diverse cultures before entering formal schooling.
False
Solution: The authors point out that research suggests that it is nearly impossible for anyone to avoid inheriting the racial biases, prejudices, misinformation, deficit portrayals, and stereotypes of their forebears.
Multiple Selection
Question: Which are stages of the descriptive model of White racial identity development?
a. naiveté phase
b. conformity phase
c. dissonance phase
d. resistance and immersion phase
e. denial phase
f. introspective phase
g. integrative awareness phase
h. acceptance phase
i. commitment to antiracist action phase
a, b, c, d, f, g and i
According to the authors, what are the two underlying factors that account for the denial and mystification of Whiteness for White EuroAmericans?
The authors agree that it seems like White EuroAmericans’ denial and confusion about what it means to be white are caused by two main things. First, Whiteness is obvious because it is so common in our culture and because White people are taught to see their lives as morally neutral, average, and ideal. Second, EuroAmericans often deny that they are White and seem angry when they are called that. They often get very defensive when they are called White. We think that a lot of the denial that comes with being White has to do with denying White privilege.
True/False
Question: There is a difference between being nonracist and antiracist.
true
According to Helms, the Contact ego status is supported by what characterization?
a. suppression
b. obliviousness
c. selective perception
d. reaction formation
obliviousness
During which ego status is an individual likely to state, “I don’t even know if my ancestors owned slaves, but I know that because I am White, I continue to benefit from a racist system that stems from the slavery era”?
a. Immersion/emersion
b. Contact
c. Disintegration
d. Pseudo-independence
a
The Helms White Racial Identity model asserts that developing a healthy White identity requires movement through two phases. Name the two phases and their accompanying racial identity statuses.
developing a healthy White identity requires movement through two phases:
(1) abandonment of racism and
(2) defining a nonracist White identity.
- Six specific racial identity statuses are distributed equally in the two phases: contact, disintegration, reintegration, pseudo-independence, immersion/emersion, and autonomy.
