Chapter 3 Multicultural Counseling Competence for Counselors and Therapists of Marginalized Groups Flashcards
True/False
According to the authors, minority therapists working with White clients should avoid acknowledging their racial differences because it can cause tension and division.
F
Self-disclosure, or the acknowledgment of differences, may increase feelings of similarity between therapist and client and reduce concerns about differences.
The client becomes a symbol of the inherent mistrust that exists in majority-minority relationships is a characteristic of which challenge associated with counseling White clients?
a. dealing with expressions of racist attitudes/beliefs/behaviors
b. transferring racial animosity to White clients
c. having the competency of the counselor of color challenged
d. unrealistically viewing the therapist of color as a Super Minority therapist
b
Because counselors of color can have a countertransference reaction whereby their feelings of animosity and anger toward White supremacy are directed at White clients. Therefore, viewing the client with mistrust is a characteristic of transferring animosity to White clients.
Discuss one reason why some scholars and researchers have avoided discussing the types of discrimination that may occur between different groups of color
(1) In the past, there were fewer people of color, and because of this, recognizing and/or talking about conflicts between people of different races could slow down the fight against racism and for civil rights.
(2) People of color may find it hard to admit that they have biases or stereotypes about other groups because they don’t want to admit that they have biases themselves. Some people of color think they can’t be racist because they’ve been treated badly because of their race.
People of color are afraid to talk about interethnic conflict because they think it will be used by those in power to
(a) ease their own guilt and justify their own racism,
(b) use the “divide and conquer” strategy (“as long as people of color fight among themselves, they can’t form alliances to take on the establishment”), or
(c) draw attention away from the injustices of society by saying that problems are between minorities.”
True/False
Question: Only White individuals need to learn cultural competence.
F
Cultural competence is not just majority group members. All individuals are capable of biases, assumptions and beliefs that can prevent their development toward cultural competence
Familismo refers to
a. a high value placed on the role of the paternal caregiver
b. focus on the individualism of each family member
c. a high value placed on the family and individual roles
d. a high value placed on family loyalty and unity
d
Provide one challenge situation that can arise when counselors of color work with White clients.
There are five things that could make counseling White clients hard:
(1) having the therapist of color’s competence questioned, (2) having to prove competence,
(3) transferring racial animosity to White clients,
(4) seeing the therapist of color as a “Super Minority therapist” when that’s not true, and
(5) having to deal with racist attitudes, beliefs, or actions.
True/False
The myth of the “model minority” has often played into major misunderstandings between Black and Asian communities.
T
The myth of the “model minority” has perpetuated the success myth and belief that Asians are somehow immune to prejudice and racism. These false stereotypes of Asian Americans have often played into major misunderstandings between the Black and Asian American communities.
With regard to cultural competence, greater emphasis has been placed on the education of White trainees because
a. There are more mental health professionals of color than White.
b. Most theories and practices in psychology arise from a White, Western perspective.
c. Increasing numbers of minority members are controlling the gateways to the delivery of mental health services to socially devalued client populations.
d. None of the choices is correct.
b
Name one cultural value that can cause a potential conflict between therapist and client.
The section on encountering clashes in cultural values provides the following examples:
(a) Asian Americans prizing more subtle and indirect communication than White Americans, and
(b) Asian Americans valuing restraint of strong emotions versus Latino/as and African Americans, who often prize strong affect, passion, and emotional closeness.
True/False
While a Black American therapist may value sitting close to an Asian American client in therapy, this client may feel the close conversing distance to be an intrusion of personal space.
T
Black Americans tend to have a much closer conversing distance with one another than Asian Americans.
Most of the articles in the field of psychology that focus on interracial interactions between Asian, Black, Native, and Latino/a Americans concentrate mainly on
a. interracial romantic relationships
b. historical interracial conflict
c. interracial therapeutic relationships
d. a and b
b
True/False
Whites think they are treated far worse than Blacks and worse than other minority groups when it comes to getting equal treatment in applying for mortgages, in the media, and in job promotions.
false
Blacks think they are treated far worse than Whites and worse than other minority groups when it comes to getting equal treatment in applying for mortgages, in the media, and in job promotions.
Which culture(s)’ communication styles change depending on the varying levels of authority between two people:
a. African American
b. Native American
c. Latino American
d. White American
e. b and c
e
In a dyad where the counselor and client are both from marginalized groups, overidentification is manifested through ____________.
countertransference
When working with White clients, a counselor of color is likely to operate in a situation of
a. power reversal
b. a power relationship that is congruent
c. oppressor–oppressed
d. overidentification with the client
a
