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Microbiology > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

All of the following compounds are enzymes EXCEPT

A

Coenzyme A

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2
Q

compounds are enzymes

A

Dehydrogenase
Cellulase
galactosidase
Sucrase

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3
Q

In organisms that use aerobic respiration, what ultimately happens to pyruvic acid?

A

It is oxidized in the Krebs cycle.

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4
Q

Which of the following is the best definition of oxidative phosphorylation?

A

Electrons are transferred from one electron carrier to another along an ETC that releases energy to generate ATP

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5
Q

All of the following organisms are correctly matched to its energy source EXCEPT

A

Photoautotroph - CO2

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6
Q

Photoheterotroph

A

Light

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7
Q

Chemoautotroph

A

Fe2+

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8
Q

Chemoheterotroph

A

glucose

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9
Q

Which of the following is the best definition of fermentation?

A

The oxidation of glucose with organic molecules serving as electron acceptors

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10
Q

Which of the following statements about anaerobic respiration is false?

A

It involves glycolysis only.

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11
Q

anaerobic respiration

A

involves the Krebs cycle.
It uses a molecule other than oxygen as the final electron acceptor.
It generates ATP.

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12
Q

Fatty acids are catabolized in

A

Krebs cycle.

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13
Q

All of the following are necessary for respiration EXCEPT

A

Oxygen

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14
Q

necessary for respiration

A

Cytochromes
Flavoproteins
A source of electrons
Quinones

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15
Q

Which of the following pairs is incorrectly matched?

A

oxidation; reaction in which electrons are gained

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16
Q

metabolic pathways

A

sequences of chemical reactions

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17
Q

anabolism

A

building of complex molecules

18
Q

catabolism

A

breakdown of organic compounds

19
Q

metabolism

A

sum of all chemical reactions

20
Q

Heterotrophs use organic molecules as energy and carbon sources. To produce five-carbon intermediates needed for synthesis of nucleic acids, the cell utilizes the __________.

A

pentose phosphate pathway

21
Q

NADH molecules formed during glycolysis and in the Krebs cycle are __________.

A

oxidized when electrons are passed to the electron transport chain

22
Q

Streptococcus bacteria lack an electron transport chain. How many molecules of ATP can a Streptococcus cell net from one molecule of glucose?

A

Two

23
Q

All of the following steps are involved in the aerobic electron transport chain. Which step happens last?

A

Electrons are transferred to O2

24
Q

Which one molecule could provide the carbon source, the energy source, and the electron source for a chemoheterotroph?

A

glucose

25
Q

Which organism is NOT correctly matched to its energy source?

A

photoautotroph; CO2

26
Q

photoheterotroph

A

light

27
Q

chemolithoautotroph

A

iron

28
Q

chemoorganoheterotroph

A

glucose

29
Q

anoxygenic autotroph

A

Light

30
Q

The complete oxidation of glucose in aerobic and anaerobic respiration involves which three stages?

A

glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain

31
Q

Which of the following mechanisms does NOT generate ATP using an electron transport chain?

A

substrate-level phosphorylation

32
Q

Enzymes are important in living organisms because they __________.

A

bring together reactants or properly orient a molecule for a reaction

33
Q

Which of the following is true of catabolism

A

Catabolic reactions are exergonic; they break down complex organic molecules into simpler ones.

34
Q

A coenzyme assists an enzyme by accepting or donating matter. What does NAD+ transfer?

A

Electrons

35
Q

Competitive inhibition of enzyme action involves __________.

A

competition with the substrate for binding at the active site

36
Q

During glycolysis, electrons from the oxidation of glucose are transferred to __________.

A

NAD+

37
Q

Feedback inhibition involves the competition of a substrate and an inhibitor for the active site of the same enzyme.

A

False

38
Q

Lipids, proteins, and sugars all may serve as substrates of glycolysis.

A

False

39
Q

The synthesis of sugars by using carbon atoms from CO2 gas is called carbon fixation.

A

True

40
Q

Both DNA and RNA are required for protein synthesis

A

True

41
Q

Enzymes work most effectively at their optimal temperature and pH.

A

True

42
Q

Glycolysis produces ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation.

A

True

Microbiology (10 decks)

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