Chapter 4

Question 1

All of the following are distinguishing characteristics of prokaryotic cells EXCEPT

Answer 1

They lack a plasma membrane

Question 2

Some cells are capable of transporting a substance from a lower to a higher concentration. What is that mechanism called?

Answer 2

Active transport

Question 3

In bacteria, where are photosynthetic pigments found?

Answer 3

Chromatophores

Question 4

Which one of the following pairs is mismatched?

Answer 4

Ribosomes - protein storage

Question 5

Lipid inclusions

Answer 5

energy reserve

Question 6

Metachromatic granules

Answer 6

phosphate storage

Question 7

Sulfur granules

Answer 7

energy reserve

Question 8

Gas vacuoles

Answer 8

flotation

Question 9

Which of the following do NOT have a cell wall?

Answer 9

animal cells

Question 10

You have isolated a motile, gram-positive cell with no visible nucleus. You can safely assume that the cell

Answer 10

Has a cell wall

Question 11

Which of the following is the best definition of osmotic pressure?

Answer 11

The pressure needed to stop the movement of water across the membrane

Question 12

You have isolated a cell with a peptidoglycan cell wall. What other structure can you safely assume the cell has?

Answer 12

a plasma membrane

Question 13

Which of the following processes occurs in bacterial plasma membranes but NOT in eukaryotic plasma membranes?

Answer 13

ATP synthesis

Question 14

Which of the following processes uses membrane proteins that act as channels or carriers allowing ions or large molecules to move across the plasma membrane without using energy?

Answer 14

facilitated diffusion

Question 15

Why is penicillin selectively toxic to bacterial cells but harmless to human cells?

Answer 15

Penicillin specifically weakens peptidoglycan, which is found only in bacterial cells.

Question 16

Bacillus anthracis causes the deadly disease anthrax. Organisms of the genus Bacillus may form endospores. This bacterium would be suitable for biological warfare because endospores __________

Answer 16

are resistant to high temperatures, UV light, and desiccation

Question 17

The nuclear area of the bacterial cell __________.

Answer 17

contains the bacterial chromosome

Question 18

Some eukaryotic cells ingest pathogenic prokaryotic cells by __________.

Answer 18

phagocytosis

Question 19

Which of the following organisms have eukaryotic cells that do NOT contain a cell wall?

Answer 19

animals

Question 20

Which of the following pairs is MISMATCHED?

Answer 20

ribosomes; storage

Question 21

Golgi complex

Answer 21

secretion

Question 22

mitochondria

Answer 22

ATP production

Question 23

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 23

internal transport

Question 24

lysosome

Answer 24

digestive enzymes

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a structure of prokaryotic cells?

Answer 25

chloroplast

Question 26

You are observing a Gram stain of rod-shaped microorganisms that are linked in a chain and stain purple. How would you describe these bacteria using the correct terminology for the cell shape and arrangement?

Answer 26

gram-positive streptobacilli

Question 27

With a light microscope, which of the following would allow discrimination between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

Answer 27

observation of nuclei

Question 28

A Gram stain of a wound reveals purple, spherical bacteria that divide and remain attached in grapelike clusters. These are referred to as __________.

Answer 28

gram-positive staphylococci

Question 29

Chemotaxis refers to the ability of microorganisms to __________.

Answer 29

move toward or away from chemical stimuli

Question 30

All of the following are found in the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria EXCEPT __________.

Answer 30

teichoic acid

Question 31

Found in the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria

Answer 31

-lipid A -N-acetylglucosamine -tetrapeptide chains -porins

Question 32

Which of the following bacterial structures is necessary for chemotaxis?

Answer 32

flagella

Question 33

In a prokaryotic cell, all of the following are functions of either fimbriae or pili EXCEPT __________.

Answer 33

determining the shape of the cell

Question 34

The plasma membrane is considered a barrier to the environment because __________.

Answer 34

it controls the passage of molecules into the cell