Chapter 5

Question 1

neologism

Answer 1

a new word

Question 2

etymology

Answer 2

the study of the origin and history of a word

Question 3

borrowing

Answer 3

taking over words from other languages (dutch laptop, baby)

Question 4

loan-translation/calque

Answer 4

direct translation of the elements of the word into the borrowing language (skyscraper & wolkenkrabber)

Question 5

compounding

Answer 5

combining two words (bookcase)

Question 6

blending

Answer 6

combination of two separate forms to produce a single new term (brunch, spanglish)

Question 7

clipping

Answer 7

word of more than one syllable is reduced to a shorter form (gas & gasoline)

Question 8

hypocrisms

Answer 8

longer word reduced to single syllable and then has -y or -ie at the end (telly/television)

Question 9

backinformation

Answer 9

word of one type (usually noun) is reduced to form a word of another type (usually verb) e.g., donation - donate

Question 10

conversion

Answer 10

change in the function of the word (to bottle the beer), not necessarily the same meaning!

Question 11

coinage

Answer 11

invention and general use of totally new terms (not common in english, but: kleenex)

Question 12

acronyms

Answer 12

new words formed from the initial letters of a set of other words (RAM)

Question 13

derivation

Answer 13

adding affixes to a word

Question 14

prefix - suffix

Answer 14

affix that goes before a word - affix that goes after a word

Question 15

infix

Answer 15

unusual in english, affix that is incorporated in a word (absofuckinglutely)

Question 16

analogy

Answer 16

new words are formed that are similar in some way to existing words (yuppie comes from hippie and yippie)