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Introduction to Linguistics > Chapter 3 & 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 & 4 Flashcards

1
Q

phonetics

A

the genera; study of the characteristics of speech sounds

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2
Q

articulatory phonetics

A

study of how speech sounds are articulated

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3
Q

acoustic phonetics

A

physical properties of speech as sounds waves in the air

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4
Q

auditory phonetics

A

deals with perception/via the ear/ of speech sounds

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5
Q

features of consonants

A

voiced/voiceless, place of articulation and manner of articulation

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6
Q

voiced vs voiceless

A

voiced = vocal folds drawn together (ZZZZ)

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7
Q

place of articulation

A

location inside the mouth where the constriction takes place

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8
Q

bilabial consonants

A

use both lips; /m/, /b/

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9
Q

labiodental consonants

A

formed using upper front teeth and lower lip; /f/

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10
Q

alveolar consonants

A

tongue behind the upper teeth; /t/

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11
Q

dental consonants

A

teeth involved in creation; /th/

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12
Q

interdental consonants

A

sounds made with tongue between teeth

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13
Q

palatal consonants

A

alveolar ridge meets palate; /j/

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14
Q

velar consonants

A

back of the mouth; /k/

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15
Q

glottal consonant

A

produced without active use of tongue; /h/

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16
Q

manner of articulation

A

how a consonant is produced

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17
Q

stop consonant/plosive

A

blocks the air briefly; /b/

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18
Q

fricative consonant

A

almost blocks airflow, lets the air escape through narrow gap; /s/

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19
Q

affricate consonant

A

combine brief stop with fricative; /tsj/

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20
Q

nasal consonant

A

let air flow through nose; /n/

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21
Q

liquid consonant

A

let airflow escape round sides of raised and curled tongue; /r/

22
Q

glide consonants

A

move tongue to or from vowel; /w/, /y/

23
Q

glottal stop

A

vocal folds are closed completely very briefly, then released; uh-uh

24
Q

flap

A

produced by tongue tapping the alveolar ridge briefly ; flap /t/ consonants to /d/; budder

25
Q

vowels

A

produced with relatively free flow of air

26
Q

vowel features

A

high (i)/low (a)

front (i)/back (u)

27
Q

diphthong

A

combination of two vowel sounds

28
Q

phonology

A

description of systems and patterns of speech sounds in a language; concerned with abstract aspect of the sounds in a language

29
Q

phoneme

A

the smallest unit of sound in a language that can make a difference in meaning

30
Q

natural class

A

things that phonemes can have in common (place, manner or voicing)

31
Q

phones

A

different versions of a phoneme

32
Q

allophones

A

multiple versions of one phoneme

33
Q

aspiration

A

puff of air (usually accompanying sounds) [t^h]

34
Q

complementary distribution

A

two pronunciations of a sound type are used in different places in words

35
Q

minimal pair

A

words that are identical except for one phoneme

36
Q

minimal set

A

group of words can be differentiated by changing one phoneme (always in the same position)

37
Q

phonotactics

A

constraints on the sequence or position of English phonemes

38
Q

syllable

A

must contain a vowel (or vowel-like) sound, including diphthongs

39
Q

onset

A

one or more consonants

40
Q

rhyme

A

vowel, the nucleus

41
Q

coda

A

following consonants

42
Q

syllable structure

A

onset-(rhyme-coda)

43
Q

open syllables

A

syllables without coda

44
Q

closed syllables

A

with a coda present

45
Q

consonant cluster

A

more than 1 consonant in the coda or onset

46
Q

CCC

A

consonant cluster with 3 consonants, always starts with an /s/, followed by /ptk/ and then /lrw/

47
Q

coarticulation effects

A

effects of coarticulation

48
Q

coarticulation

A

making one sound at the same time as the next sound

49
Q

assimilation

A

two sound segments occur in sequence and some aspect of one segment is copied by the other (e.g. irregular)

50
Q

nasalization

A

vowels become nasal whenever they immediately precede a nasal (can)

51
Q

elision

A

not pronouncing a sound segment that might be present in the careful pronunciation of a word in isolation (evri instead of every)

Introduction to Linguistics (6 decks)

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