Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CNA Spring 2024 > Chapter 49 Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Lymphathic Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 49 Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Lymphathic Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

cardiovascular disorders

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

circulatory ( cardiovascular) system delivers

A

blood to the body’s cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

problems that occur in the heart or blood vessels include

A

hypertension
coronary artery disease (CAD)
myocardial infraction (heart attack)
heart failure
dysrhythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

hypertension

A

the resting blood pressure is too high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

systolic pressure

A

140 mm Hg or higher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

90 mm ahh or higher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

pre-hypertension will likely develop into hypertension in the future

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

systolic pressure

A

120 to 139 mm Hg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

diastolic pressure

A

80 to 89 mm Hg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

causes include

A

narrowed blood vessels, kidney disorders, head injuries, some pregnancy problems, and adrenal gland tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

hypertension can lead to

A

storke
hardening of the arteries
heart attack
heart failure
kidney failure
blindness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

lifestyle changes can lower the blood pressure

A

a diet low in fat and salt
a healthy weight
regular exercise
not smoking
limiting alcohol and caffeine
managing stress and sleeping well
certain drugs can lower blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

coronary artery disease
( CAD )- coronary heart disease; heart disease

A

the arteries become hardened and narrow
one or all the arteries are affected
the heart muscle get loss blood and oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

common cause

A

is atherosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the major complications of CAD are

A

Angina
myocardial infraction(heart attack)
irregular heartbeats
sudden death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CAD can be treated
treatment goals

A

Relieve symptoms.
Slow or stop atherosclerosis.
Lower the risk of blood clots.
Widen or bypass clogged arteries.
Reduce cardiac events.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

CAD requires lifestyle changes.
The person must

A

Quit smoking.
Exercise.
Reduce stress.
Eat a healthy diet.
If overweight, lose weight.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Some persons need drugs to

A

Decrease the heart’s workload and relieve symptoms.
Prevent a heart attack or sudden death.
Delay the need for medical and surgical procedures that open or bypass diseased arteries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

CAD may require cardiac rehabilitation

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The cardiac rehab team includes

A

Doctors (the person’s doctor, heart specialist, heart surgeon)
Nurses
Exercise specialists, physical and occupational therapists, dietitians, and mental health professionals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

cardiac rehab has two parts

A

exercise training
education, counseling, and training

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

angina pectoris ( pain )

A

is chest pain from reduced blood flow to part of the heart muscle (myocardium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

occurs

A

when the heart needs more oxygen
it is describes as tightness, pressure, squeezing, or burning in the chest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

symptoms can be relieved

A

rest often relieves in 3-15 minutes
a nitroglycerin tablet is taken when angina occurs
some persons have nitroglycerin patches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
chest pain lasting longer than a few minutes and not relieved by rest and nitrogen may signal a heart attack. the person needs emergency care
26
myocardial infarction (MI)
part of the heart muscle dies sudden cardiac death (cardiac arrest) can occur
27
MI is also called
heart attack Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) coronary coronary thrombosis coronary occlusion
28
In MI,
blood flow to the heart muscle is suddenly blocked
29
CAD, angina, and previous MI are risk factors
30
MI is an emergency
31
efforts are made to
relieve pain restore blood flow to the heart stabilize vital signs give oxygen clam the person prevent death and life-threatening problems
32
the person may need
medical or surgical procedures to open or bypass the diseased artery cardiac rehabilitation
33
heart failure or congestive heart failure ( CHF ) occurs
when the weakened heart cannot pump normally
34
CHF
when the left side of the heart cannot pump blood normally, blood backs up into the lungs respiratory congestion occurs
35
the person has dyspnea—difficultly breathing
increases sputum, and gurgling sounds in the lungs
36
CHF—
when the right side of the heart cannot pump blood normally, blood backs up into the venous systems
37
causes
feet and ankles swell neck veins bulge liver congestion affect liver function the abdomen is congested with fluid
38
a very severe form of heart failure
is pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs)
39
common causes of heart failure are
CAD MI Hypertension Diabetes Age Irregular and Damaged heart rhythms kidney disease
40
treatment
drugs are ordered to strengthen the heart drugs are ordered to reduce the amount of fluid in the body a sodium-controlled diet is ordered to oxygen is given semi-fowlers position is preferred for breathing the person must reduce CAD risk factors if acutely ill, the person needs hospital care
41
Dysrhythmia is an
abnormal heart rhythm the rhythm may be too fast, too slow, or irregular
42
are caused by
changes in the heart’s electrical system CAD, MI, or heart failure weakening and changes in the heart muscle drugs and alcohol abuse excess caffeine intake thyroid problems some drugs some dysrhythmias are minor, others are life threatening
43
treatment depends on three type of dysrhythmias
drugs may be given
44
a procedure may be needed
45
defibrillation or cardio version
an electrical shock is given to stop and abnormal rhythm
46
ablation
areas of tissue in the heart sending abnormal electrical signals are destroyed
47
internal devices may be placed
48
peacemaker
device that is inserted under the skin near the heart; it monitors and regulates the hearts rhythm
49
implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)
used for life threatening dysrhythmias; it delivers a shock when the heart is in a life threatening rhythm; some devices are both a peacemaker and an ICD
50
respiratory disorders
51
the respiratory system
brings oxygen(O2) into the lungs and removes carbon dioxide(CO2) from the body
52
respiratory disorders that interfere with this function and threaten life include
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) chronic bronchitis asthma sleep apnea influenza pneumonia tuberculosis
53
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease involves two disorders that interfere with the exchange and carbon dioxide in the lungs
chronic bronchitis and emphysema
54
risk factors
cigarettes smoking; pipe, cigar, and other tabasco’s exposure to second- hand smoke
55
not smoking is the best way to prevent COPD
COPD has no cure
56
COPD affects the airways and alveoli
airways and alveoli become less elastic the walls between many alveoli are destroyed airway walls become thick, inflamed, and swollen airways are clogged by excess mucus serection
57
Chronic bronchitis occurs
after repeated episodes of bronchitis.
58
Bronchitis means
inflammation of the bronchi.
59
causes
smoking
60
risk factors
infection, air pollution, and industrial dusts
61
smokers cough in the morning
is often the first symptom
62
treatment involves
the person must stop smoking oxygen therapy and breathing exercises
63
emphysema
the alveoli enlarge and become less elastic
64
as a result
some air is trapped in the alveoli when exhaling
65
over time,
more alveoli are involved; O2 and CO2 exchange cannot occur in affected alveoli, trapping more air in the lungs
66
asthma
the airway becomes inflamed and narrow and extra mucus is produced
67
signs and symptoms
dyspnea wheezing and coughing pain and tightness in the chest
68
asthma is triggered
by allergies
69
asthma is treated
with drugs
70
sleep apnea
pauses in breathing occur during sleep
71
causes of sleep apnea
pauses last form a few seconds to over a minute they can occur many times during sleep
72
the most common cause is
blockage of air way
73
obstructive sleep apnea
during sleep, muscles in the throat reflex and soft tissues collapse, closing the airway
74
central sleep apnea ( less common )
occurs when the brain does not send signals to the muscles to breathe
75
signs and symptoms of sleep apnea
pauses in breathing during sleep loud snoring waking during sleep with a gasp or shortness of breath difficultly staying asleep headache sleepiness dry mouth or sore throat after sleeping
76
treatment includes for sleep apnea
77
mild sleep apnea
lifestyle changes, weight lose, quitting smoking, and avoiding alcohol and sedatives before sleep
78
more severe sleep apnea
surgery positive airway pressure device: CPAP or BiPAP
79
influenza is a
respiratory infection caused by a viruses
80
common complication
pneumonia
81
treatment for influenza involves
fluids and rests drugs
82
coughing and sneezing spread the four viruses
83
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68)
can cause mild to severe respiratory illness
84
the virus is found in
saliva, mucus, and sputum
85
signs and symptoms of EV- D68
fever runny nose sneezing cough body and muscle aches dyspnea wheezing
86
there is no vaccine to prevent EV…
87
pneumonia is an
inflammation and infection of lung tissue affected tissue fill with fluid
88
causes
bacteria viruses other microbes
89
microbes reach the lungs by being
inhaled aspirated carrier in the blood to the lungs from an infection in the body
90
factors to increase pneumonia
smoking aging stroke bed rest immobility chronic diseases tube feeding
91
treatment may include
drugs for infection and pain increased fluid intake to treat fever and to thin secretions intravenous therapy and oxygen semi-fowlers position to ease breathing
92
tuberculosis ( TB )
is a bacterial infection in the lungs
93
TB is spread by
airborne droplets with coughing, sneezing, speaking, singing, or laughing
94
risk factors for TB include
living in close, crowded areas age poor nutrition HIV ( Human Immunodeficiency Virus )
95
TB can be present in the body…
not not cause signs and symptoms
96
only persons with an active infection can spread the disease to others
chest x-ray and TB testing can detect disease
97
signs and symptoms include:
tiredness, loss of appetite, weight loss, fever, and night sweats
98
treatment involves TB
drugs for TB precautions covering mouth and nose with tissues when sneezing flushing tissue down the toilet hand washing with soap
99
Lympathic disorders
100
The lymphatic system
drains extra fluid from the tissues, helps fight infection, and absorbs and transports fats.
101
lymphatic disorders that affect these functions include
lymphedema lymphoma
102
lymphedema
is a build up of lymph in the tissues causing edema (swelling). it occurs when there is a blockage or damage to the lymph system
103
lymphedema causes include
cancer infection surgical removal of lymph nodes scar tissue from radiation therapy or surgery absent or abnormal lymph nodes present at birth
104
lymphedema usually affects an
arm or a leg
105
daily actives are often affected by damage to lymph system cannot be reversed
106
treatment for lymphedema includes
elastic garments or basantes exercise good skin care message therapy
107
the goals are to lymphedema
control sweeping decrease pain improve movement and use of the body part allowing daily activity
108
lymphoma is
cancer involving cells in the immune system (lymphocytes)
109
lymphoma are a type of WBC that protect the body from infection
they are found in lymph nodes and other lymph tissues
110
in lymphoma
these cells do not function normally
111
there are two main lymphomas
Hodgkin lymphoma Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
112
lymphoma brings with an abnormal lymphocyte
the abnormal cell divides and makes more abnormal cells a mass of abnormal cells develops into a tumor

CNA Spring 2024 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions