Chapter 46: Capital Management Flashcards
Capital Management
Involves:
- ensuring sufficient solvency and cashflow to meet
- — (1) existing liabilities
- — (2) future growth aspirations
- maximising the reported profits
Capital needs - individuals
- cushion against unexpected events
- save for the future
Capital needs:
Companies
- cushion against fluctuating trade volumes
- finance expansion
- finance stock and work in progress
- obtain premises, hire staff, purchase equipment (start-up capital)
Capital needs:
Providers of financial services
- MEET BENEFITS before sufficient premiums / contributions are received
- meet development expenses
- cushion against UNEXPECTED EVENTS
- meet STATUTORY requirements (fund new business strain)
- INVEST more freely (mismatch)
- achieve STRATEGIC AIMS
- SMOOTH PROFITS (reported)
- sell products with GUARANTEES
- DEMONSTRATE FINANCIAL STRENGTH to customers and advisors.
Capital needs:
The State
State will hold gold and foreign currency reserves to support:
- fluctuations in the balance of payments and economic cycle
- timing differences in income and outgo
Methods through which the state can meet its liabilities
- taxation
- borrowing
- printing money
Proprietary insurer
An insurance company owned by shareholders.
They may raise funds through the issue of shares or debt securities.
Mutual insurer
owned by policyholders to whom all profits belong.
A mutual has less access to the capital markets than a proprietary.
8 Capital Management tools
- Reinsurance
- Financial Reinsurance (FinRe)
- Securitisation
- Subordinated debt
- Banking products
- Derivatives
- Equity capital
- Internal restructuring
Capital Management:
Reinsurance
To reduce the amount of capital required
Capital Management:
Financial Reinsurance
A reinsurance arrangement that provides capital, typically by exploiting some form of regulatory, solvency, or tax arbitrage
Capital Management:
Securitisation
Involves converting an illiquid asset into tradeable instruments.
Capital Management:
4 Banking Products
- Liquidity facilities
- Contingent capital
- Senior unsecured financing
- Derivatives
Capital Management:
Internal resturcturing
- Merging funds
- Changing assets
- Weakening the valuation basis
- Deferring surplus distribution
- Retaining profits
Capital Management:
Liquidity facilities
Used to provide short-term financing to companies facing rapid business growth.